Table 3.

Main antiviral medicine and bioproducts for COVID-19.

Items	Clinical function	Mechanism/Principle
Chloroquine	Penetration and uncoating inhibitors	Interfering the glycosylation of ACE2 or alkalizing the phagolysosome of SARS-CoV-2 to inhibit the penetration of virus.
Arbidol	Penetration and uncoating inhibitors	Suppressing the fusion of virus lipid membrane and host cells.
Camostat mesylate	Penetration and uncoating inhibitors	Interfering the S protein priming to inhibit the penetration of virus.
Remdesivir	biosynthesis inhibitors	Inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of SARS-CoV-2.
Sofosbuvir	biosynthesis inhibitors	Inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of SARS-CoV-2.
Ribavirin	biosynthesis inhibitors	Inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of SARS-CoV-2.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir	biosynthesis inhibitors	Inhibiting the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease activity of SARS-CoV-2.
Convalescent plasma	Virus neutralizer	Neutralizing the virus in body fluids to decrease the quantity of SARS-CoV-2.
Monoclonal antibody	Virus neutralizer	Neutralizing the virus in body fluids to decrease the quantity of SARS-CoV-2.
IFNs	Antiviral therapy and improving immunity	Inducing cells to synthesize antiviral proteins and activating natural killer cells, T cells, and macrophages to inhibit viruses.