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. 2020 Jul 23;17:112. doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01362-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — IRES-dependent and cap-independent translation initiation. a CVB3 RNA employs an IRES to recruit the 40S subunit to start translation. The host protein DAP5, some eIFs and ITAFs are required for IRES-driven translational initiation. Subsequently, the translated 2A protein cleaves eIF4GI into two parts. The N-terminus of eIF4GI recruited to the IRES effectively promotes viral replication [87]. b SINV contains a 5′ cap structure. The DSH structure on its sgRNA can initiate non-AUG codon translation to enhance viral protein synthesis [88, 89]