Table 3.

Unit root test results for the cyclical components.

	Variable type	ADF	PP	DF-GLS	KPSS	Integration
LSPAIN_Health (Basic model)	Level (lag = 8)	−328.001***	−1.616*	−99.315***	.131*
	First difference (lag = 8)	−11.551***	−1.785*	−10.128***	.143*
	Integration	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)
LSPAIN_Arrivals (Basic model)	Level (lag = 8)	−23.794***	−1.667*	−19.380***	.125*
	First difference (lag = 8)	−12.418***	−1.679*	7.989	.151**
	Integration	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)
LSPAIN_Income (Basic model)	Level (lag = 7)	−22.826***	−1.622*	−34.166***	.128*
	First difference (lag = 7)	−56.706***	−1.649*	−19.352***	.145*
	Integration	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)	I (0)/I (1)

Note: The symbols ***, **, and * indicate, respectively, the 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels.