Table 1. Characteristics of 161 529 Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia in the 2010-2015 Premier Healthcare Database Sample.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 69.5 (16.2) |
| Male | 78 786 (48.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White | 124 574 (77.1) |
| Black | 20 348 (12.6) |
| Other | 16 607 (10.3) |
| Admission source | |
| Emergency department | 141 861 (87.8) |
| SNF/ICF | 12 431 (7.7) |
| Clinic | 7100 (4.4) |
| Other | 137 (0.08) |
| Discharge status | |
| Home | 95 782 (59.3) |
| Hospice | 8534 (5.3) |
| Died | 14 798 (9.2) |
| SNF | 38 957 (24.1) |
| Other | 3458 (2.1) |
| Insurance | |
| Medicare | 116 020 (71.8) |
| Medicaid | 14 059 (8.7) |
| Commercial/managed care | 22 312 (13.8) |
| Other | 9138 (5.7) |
| Principal diagnosis code | |
| Viral pneumonia | 63 (0.04) |
| Pneumonia | 81 359 (50.4) |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 15 021 (9.3) |
| Influenza pneumonia | 3499 (2.2) |
| Sepsis | 51 823 (32.1) |
| Respiratory failure | 9764 (6.0) |
| Teaching hospital | 66 317 (41.1) |
| Urban setting (US Census Bureau definition)a | 142 356 (88.1) |
| Beds, No. | |
| ≤200 | 33 145 (20.5) |
| 201-400 | 69 184 (42.8) |
| ≥401 | 59 200 (36.6) |
| Region (US Census Bureau classification)8 | |
| Midwest | 40 664 (25.2) |
| Northeast | 30 183 (18.7) |
| South | 69 041 (42.7) |
| West | 21 641 (13.4) |
| Combined comorbidity score, mean (SD)b | 3.2 (2.7) |
| Hypertension | 106 492 (65.9) |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 80 617 (49.9) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 75 327 (46.6) |
| Anemia | 53 072 (32.9) |
| Diabetes | 52 827 (32.7) |
| Congestive heart failure | 45 295 (28.0) |
| Other neurological disorders | 27 301 (16.9) |
| Hypothyroidism | 27 452 (17.0) |
| Depression | 25 379 (15.7) |
| Weight loss | 20 720 (12.8) |
| Obesity | 21 797 (13.5) |
| Valvular disease | 15 392 (9.5) |
| Coagulopathy | 15 309 (9.5) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 13 204 (8.2) |
| Pulmonary circulation disease | 12 820 (7.9) |
| Psychoses | 10 130 (6.3) |
| Admit from SNF | 12 431 (7.7) |
| Previous admission (within 6 mo) | 17 395 (10.8) |
| Immunosuppressed | 21 638 (13.4) |
| ICU | 41 226 (25.5) |
| IMV | 13 572 (8.4) |
| Vasopressor | 11 413 (7.1) |
| In-hospital mortality | 14 798 (9.2) |
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 5.0 (3.0-8.0) |
| Cost, median (IQR), $ | 8356.41 (5035.31-14 928.49) |
Abbreviations: ICF, intermediate care facility; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; IQR, interquartile range; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
a
Urban setting indicates census block groups or blocks with a population density of at least 1000 people per square mile.6
b
Theoretical range, −2 (lowest mortality risk) to 20 (highest mortality risk); range in these data, −1 to 19.