Table 2. Primary and Secondary Outcome Data Before Therapy vs Postassessment.
| Measure | Mean (SD) | Effect size, Cohen d | Mixed linear models, β (SE) | Term | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretherapy | Postassessment | Intent-to-treat populationa | P value | Population according to protocolb | P value | ||||
| Clinician Administered PTSD Scale | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 39.93 (10.84) | 20.56 (15.81) | 1.35 | NA | 1.66 | NA | β10 = −4.84 (0.73) | Time | <.001 |
| CPT | 40.96 (8.95) | 26.41 (16.04) | 0.98 | NA | 1.25 | NA | β01 = −0.30 (1.54) | Group | .85 |
| Comparison | NA | NA | 0.33 | .02 | 0.21 | .26 | β11 = 0.93 (0.47) | Group × time | .047 |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 49.39 (11.46) | 23.82 (17.86) | 1.55 | NA | 2.34 | NA | β10 = −6.98 (0.89) | Time | <.001 |
| CPT | 49.54 (11.04) | 33.74 (19.60) | 0.90 | NA | 1.34 | NA | β01 = −1.24 (1.82) | Group | .50 |
| Between | NA | NA | 0.57 | <.001 | 0.46 | .04 | β11 = 1.86 (0.57) | Group × time | .001 |
| Dissociation Tension Scale–duration | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 24.13 (16.88) | 14.04 (14.58) | 0.79 | NA | 1.23 | NA | β10 = −3.13 (0.74) | Time | <.001 |
| CPT | 23.96 (14.81) | 20.87 (18.08) | 0.20 | NA | 0.31 | NA | β01 = −0.57 (2.45) | Group | .82 |
| Comparison | NA | NA | 0.50 | <.001 | 0.30 | .20 | β11 = 1.17 (0.48) | Group × time | .02 |
| Dissociation Tension Scale–intensity | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 2.82 (1.70) | 1.77 (1.70) | 0.82 | NA | 1.22 | NA | β10 = −0.30 (0.08) | Time | <.001 |
| CPT | 3.12 (1.62) | 2.61 (1.88) | 0.33 | NA | 0.55 | NA | β01 = 0.28 (0.27) | Group | .32 |
| Comparison | NA | NA | 0.39 | .007 | 0.20 | 0.41 | β11 = 0.09 (0.05) | Group × time | .09 |
| Borderline Symptom List–23 | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 2.01 (0.82) | 1.14 (0.86) | 1.11 | NA | 1.4 | NA | β10 = −0.25 (0.04) | Time | <.001 |
| CPT | 2.04 (0.80) | 1.63 (0.95) | 0.47 | NA | 0.72 | NA | β01 = −0.001 (0.12) | Group | .99 |
| Comparison | NA | NA | 0.55 | <.001 | 0.27 | .22 | β11 = 0.08 (0.03) | Group × time | .003 |
| Borderline Symptom List–behavioral items | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 0.34 (0.33) | 0.18 (0.18) | 0.54 | NA | 0.76 | NA | NAc | NAc | NAc |
| CPT | 0.31 (0.28) | 0.29 (0.25) | 0.08 | NA | 0.34 | NA | |||
| Comparison | NA | NA | 0.50 | <.001 | 0.39 | .06 | |||
| Beck Depression Inventory–II | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 33.24 (11.20) | 21.57 (14.04) | 0.98 | NA | 1.37 | NA | β10 = −3.20 (0.78) | Time | <.001 |
| CPT | 34.10 (10.81) | 26.99 (15.09) | 0.48 | NA | 0.76 | NA | β01 = 0.33 (1.93) | Group | .86 |
| Comparison | NA | NA | 0.32 | .02 | 0.17 | .45 | β11 = 0.86 (0.49) | Group × time | .09 |
| Global Assessment of Functioning | |||||||||
| DBT-PTSD | 50.75 (9.14) | 60.13 (13.95) | 0.67 | NA | 1.12 | NA | β10 = 2.38 (0.62) | Time | <.001 |
| CPT | 49.19 (7.69) | 55.25 (12.55) | 0.51 | NA | 0.87 | NA | β01 = −0.71 (1.39) | Group | .61 |
| Comparison | NA | NA | 0.26 | .08 | 0.27 | .16 | β11 = −0.52 (0.40) | Group × time | .20 |
Abbreviations: CPT, cognitive processing therapy; DBT-PTSD, dialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder; NA, not applicable; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.
Intent-to-treat: n = 98 (DBT-PTSD), and n = 95 (CPT), respectively; besides the Dissociation Tension Scale–duration under CPT and the Borderline Symptom List–behavioral items under CPT all pre-to-post effect sizes d were statistically different from 0.
According to protocol: n = 73 (DBT-PTSD), and n = 58 (CPT), respectively; besides the Dissociation Tension Scale–duration under CPT, all pre-to-post effect sizes d were statistically different from 0.
Mixed linear models for the Borderline Symptom List–behavioral items are not reported because the assumption of linearity was not met and the Newton-Raphson algorithms used in generalized linear models did not consistently converge during the procedure of multiple imputation.