Table 2.
Characteristics of the training interventions
| Study | Study group | Number of weeks | Training frequency (per week) | Total training session | Session duration (min) | CoD test | Training programme | Training modality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hammami et al. [48] | Exp | 8 | 2 | 16 | 45 |
Sprint 4 × 5 m 9–3–6–3–9 m sprint with 180° turns |
Back half squat (70–90% 1RM); 3–5 sets with 3–8 repetitions | Free weights |
| Cont (active) | Regular soccer training | – | ||||||
| Negra et al. [47]a | Exp | 12 | 2 | 24 | 35–40 | Illinois CoD test | Back half squat (40–60% 1RM) using Smith machine; 4 sets with 10–12 repetitions | Machine-based |
| Cont (active) | Regular soccer training | |||||||
| Torres-Torrelo et al. [63] | Exp | 6 | 2 | 12 | 20–25 | 25 m sprint with 45° CoD each 5 m | Full squat (2–3 sets with 4–6 repetitions at 1.2 m s−1 [~ 45% 1RM] to 1.0 m s−1 [~ 58% 1RM]) | Free weights |
| Cont (active) | Regular futsal training | – | ||||||
| Prieske et al. [45] | Exp 1 | 6 | 3 | 18 | 45–60 | T test | Resisted linear sprint, heel-to-butt, knee lift, jump running, and lateral shuffle using elastic straps attached to a motorized treadmill (20–70 maximal sprint velocity, 3–5 kg expanders, 1.5–8% slope) | – |
| Exp 2 | 6 | 3 | 18 | 45–60 | Leg press, leg curl, knee extension, and calf raise (40% 1RM, 3–5 sets, 10 repetitions) | Machine-based | ||
| Cont (active) | Regular physical activity | – | ||||||
| Negra et al. [46]a | Exp | 12 | 2 | 24 | 80–90 |
T test Illinois CoD test |
Back half squat (40–60% 1RM) using Smith machine; 4 sets with 10–12 repetitions | Machine-based |
| Cont (active) | Regular soccer training | – | ||||||
| Mcbride et al. [44] | Exp 1 | 8 | 2 | 16 | T test | Jump squats (5 sets at 30% 1RM; Number of repetitions per set determined by a decrease in PP output of 15%) | Machine-based | |
| Exp 2 | 8 | 2 | 16 | Jump squats (4 sets at 80% 1RM; number of repetitions per set determined by a decrease in PP output of 15%) | Machine-based | |||
| Cont (active) | Regular physical activity | |||||||
| Tricoli et al. [64] | Exp | 8 | 3 | 24 | Agility test | Olympic weightlifting exercises: Half-squat (4 sets of 6RM); High-pull (3–4 sets of 6RM); power clean (4–6 sets of 4RM); clean and jerk (4–6 sets of 4RM) | Free weights | |
| Cont (passive) | ||||||||
| Christou et al. [43]b | Exp | 16 | 2 | 32 | 45 | 10 × 5 m | Leg-press, bench-press, leg-extension, pec-deck, leg-flexion, overhead press, lat pull-downs, calf-raise, sit-ups, and upper-lower back-extension (55–80% 1RM, 2–3 sets with 8–15 repetitions) | Machine-based |
| Cont (active) | Regular soccer training | |||||||
| Yildiz et al. [65] | Exp 1 | 8 | 3 | 24 | 45–50 | T test | Chest press, shoulder press, lateral pull-down, seated leg extension, leg curl, among others (3 sets with 10–12 repetitions) | Machine-based |
| Cont (active) | Regular tennis training | – | ||||||
| Whitehead et al. [66] | Exp | 8 | 2 | 16 | 5-0-5 CoD | Squat, leg press, leg extension, leg curl, lunges, calf raises (3 sets with 8 [80% 1RM] to 12 [75% 1RM] repetitions) | Combined machine-based and free weights | |
| Cont (passive) | ||||||||
| Kraemer et al. [67] | Exp 1 (Periodized) | 16 | 3 | NR | NR | Modified USTA-Agility test | Leg press, bench press, shoulder press, dumbbell lateral raise, dumbbell internal rotation, among others (2–3 sets of 4–15 RM) | Combined of free weight and machine-based exercises |
| 24 | 3 | NR | NR | |||||
| 36 | 3 | NR | NR | |||||
| Exp 2 (non-periodized) | 16 | 3 | NR | NR | Leg press, bench press, shoulder press, dumbbell lateral raise, dumbbell internal rotation, among others (2–3 sets of 8–10 RM) | Combined of free weight and machine-based exercises | ||
| 24 | 3 | NR | NR | |||||
| 36 | 3 | NR | NR | |||||
| Cont (active) | ||||||||
| Hammami et al. [68]c | Exp | 8 | 2 | 16 | 30 |
Sprint test with 180° turns 9–3–6–3–9 m sprint with backward and forward running 4 × 5 m sprint with turns |
Half-squat (70–90% 1RM) with 3–5 sets and 3–8 repetitions | Free weights |
| Cont (active) | Regular soccer training | – | ||||||
| Deane et al. [69] | Exp | 8 | 3 | 24 | NR | 4 × 5.8 m shuttle run | Hip flexion exercise using elastic tubing as a resistance tool (2 sets with 10 repetitions and a third set with maximal effort to failure) | Free weights |
| Cont (passive) | ||||||||
| Aloui et al. [70] | Exp | 8 | 2 | 16 | 30 | Half T test | Knee extension and hip extension using elastic bands of various resistance; 3 sets with 12–15 repetitions | Free weights |
| Cont (active) | Regular handball training | |||||||
| Barbalho et al. [71] | Exp | 15 | 3 | 45 | NR | T test | Bench press, lateral pull down, shoulder press, leg press, free squatting with bar, seated leg curl, calf standing in the machine, among others (4–15 RM) | Combined machine-based and free weights |
| Cont (active) | Regular soccer training |
CoD change-of-direction, NR not reported, Exp experimental group, Cont control group, USTA United States Tennis Association, RM repetition maximum, PP peak power
aPrepubertal
bAdolescent
cPubertal