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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2020 Apr 7;126:94–102. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.03.043

Table 1:

Summary of Noted Primary Prevention Observational Studies of Lp(a) in CVD Risk Prediction

Author, year	Country	Size	Age (Years)	Gender (Male)	Population	Follow up	Main Outcome	Main Results
Kamstrup 2009	Denmark	40,486	58	48%	Danish	16 years	MI	Graded risk for MI with Elevated Lp(a)
Kouvari 2019	Greece	3,042	44	48%	Greek	10 years	MACE	Lp(a) > 50 mg/dL with high risk of MACE
Saleheen, 2017	Pakistan	17,644	54	80%	Pakistani	MR study	MI	Lp(a) concentration associated with MI risk
Agarwala, 2017	United States	14,154	55	45%	United States	23.4 years	MI,HF	Lp(a) levels were associated with incident MI related heart failure
Aronis 2017	United States	9,908	63	43%	United States	15 years (median)	Stroke	High Lp(a) was associated with a 42% relative increase in stroke risk
Cook 2018	United States	8158	54	0%	US	10 years	MACE	Direct linear relationship of Lp(a) with MACE
Verbeek 2018	Denmark and UK	26,102	59	45%	British and Danish	Minimum 5 years	MACE	Lp(a) ≥80^th percentile were at increased CVD risk

• Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE): Non-fatal MI, Non-Fatal Stroke, CV death, Coronary Revascularization

• MI: Myocardial Infarction

• HF: Heart Failure