Table 2.
The changes in functioning, knee AROM, gait speed, and mobility (within-group and between-groups comparisons).
| Variables | Group | Baseline values (V0), M ± SD | Value after taping month (V1), M ± SD | Value at follow-up (four weeks post taping month) (V2), M ± SD | A change after a taping month (V1–V0), M ± SD | A change at follow-up from baseline (V2–V0), M ± SD | Within-group comparison, V0 versus V1, effect size (95% CI) | Within-group comparison, V0 versus V2, effect size (95% CI) | Comparison of changes in outcomes between groups after a taping month, p value | Comparison of changes in outcomes between groups at a follow-up, p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KOOS subscalesa | ||||||||||
| Symptoms | KT | 60.6 ± 17.6 | 70.1 ± 15.8 | 68.2 ± 16.8 | 9.1 ± 14.7 | 7 ± 14 | 0.62 (0.33 to 0.85) | 0.50 (0.21 to 0.76) | 0.869 | 0.337 |
| NT | 56.5 ± 18.5 | 65.5 ± 18.6 | 64.6 ± 18.7 | 9 ± 14.4 | 5 ± 15 | 0.62 (0.36 to 0.9) | 0.34 (0.06 to 0.64) | |||
| Function in daily living | KT | 58.8 ± 15 | 66.4 ± 15.4 | 66.6 ± 15.7 | 7.6 ± 12.7 | 7.2 ± 11.6 | 0.6 (0.35 to 0.89) | 0.62 (0.35 to 0.90) | 0.181 | 0.6 |
| NT | 55.6 ± 16.4 | 64.4 ± 15.7 | 64.8 ± 14.4 | 8.8 ± 12.5 | 6.2 ± 15.1 | 0.71 (0.43 to 0.97) | 0.41 (0.13 to 0.71) | |||
| Sport and recreation | KT | 38.3 ± 19.6 | 46.1 ± 22.1 | 44.9 ± 21.2 | 7.9 ± 17.7 | 8.7 ± 15.5 | 0.45 (0.23 to 0.74) | 0.42 (0.17 to 0.71) | 0.799 | 0.468 |
| NT | 28.4 ± 17.4 | 36.7 ± 19.9 | 30.3 ± 17.1 | 6.6 ± 15.8 | 9 ± 18.9 | 0.56 (0.37 to 0.91) | 0.49 (0.26 to 0.85) | |||
| Quality of life | KT | 37 ± 16.3 | 46.4 ± 18.6 | 43.9 ± 18.9 | 9.4 ± 17.7 | 5 ± 17.4 | 0.49 (0.31 to 0.82) | 0.31 (0.08 to 0.62) | 0.181 | 0.731 |
| NT | 34.4 ± 15.5 | 39.4 ± 18.1 | 42.8 ± 18.7 | 5.6 ± 17.9 | 6.4 ± 18.3 | 0.29 (0.05 to 0.58) | 0.35 (0.12 to 0.69) | |||
| Knee flexion (°) | KT | 118.2 ± 14 | 120.8 ± 14.5 | 121.8 ± 13.7 | 2.6 ± 6.5 | 2.9 ± 8.3 | 0.38 (0.14 to 0.64) | 0.44 (0.17 to 0.71) | 0.447 | 0.473 |
| NT | 112.6 ± 14 | 115.7 ± 13.8 | 117.4 ± 12.7 | 3.1 ± 7 | 3.4 ± 9 | 0.45 (0.18 to 0.71) | 0.56 (0.24 to 0.82) | |||
| Knee extension deficit (°) | KT | 2.6 ± 3.7 | 2.2 ± 3.4 | 2 ± 2.8 | –0.4 ± 2 | –0.8 ± 2.5 | –0.21 (–0.45 to 0.05) | –0.09 (–0.35 to 018) | 0.524 | 0.546 |
| NT | 2.9 ± 3.4 | 2.6 ± 3.2 | 2.3 ± 2.7 | –0.2 ± 1.9 | –0.6 ± 2 | –0.15 (–0.41 to 0.11) | –0.32 (–0.58 to 0.00) | |||
| 5xSSTb (s) | KT | 15.6s ± 5.6 | 13.4s ± 4.5 | 12.7s ± 4.1 | –2.2s ± 3.2 | –2.4s ± 3.1 | –0.76 (–1.01 to –0.37) | –0.96 (–1.21 to –0.53) | 0.227 | 0.097 |
| NT | 16.8s ± 6.3 | 14.1s ± 5.4 | 13.63 ± 4.8 | –2.8s ± 3.6 | –2.4s ± 4 | –0.84 (–1.08 to –0.42) | –0.68 (–1.02 to –0.23) | |||
| Gait speed (m/s) | KT | 1.05 ± 0.3 | 1.11 ± 0.2 | 1.13 ± 0.3 | 0.04 ± 0.1 | 0.06 ± 0.1 | 0.68 (0.33 to 0.96) | 0.5 (0.15 to 0.81) | 0.938 | 0.438 |
| NT | 0.96 ± 0.3 | 1.04 ± 0.3 | 1.09 ± 0.3 | 0.07 ± 0.1 | 0.09 ± 0.1 | 0.45 (0.15 to 0.8) | 0.63 (0.3 to 1.03) | |||
AROM: active range of motion; KOOS: Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores; KT: Kinesio Taping® group; NT: control (non-specific taping) group; CI: confidence interval.
a
A normalized score (100 indicating no problems, and 0 indicating extreme problems) is calculated for each subscale
b
Five times sit to stand test is used for assessing mobility, lower extremity strength, and transfer skills.