HOXD10 regulates expression of CDH5, CLDN5, TEK, NOS3 and DLL4. (A–E) LECs were infected with adenovirus to overexpress HOXD10 (Ad-HOXD10) or control virus (Ad-GFP), and the expression of the target genes CDH5 (A), CLDN5 (B), TEK (C), NOS3 (D) and DLL4 (E) was determined by qPCR after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Bars represent mean±s.d. (pooled data from five individual experiments). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test). (F) Representative microscopic images of VE-cadherin staining in LEC monolayers 72 h after infection with Ad-GFP and Ad-HOXD10. (G,H) Western blot analysis of total cellular VE-cadherin in LECs 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after infection with Ad-GFP and Ad-HOXD10. (G) Representative blot showing reduced levels of VE-cadherin in HOXD10-overexpressing cells (one representative experiment out of three experiments is shown). (H) Densitometric analysis of relative VE-cadherin signal intensity in western blots, normalized to β-actin (pooled data of three individual experiments). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test).