Table 2.
Individual and contextual factors associated with FGM/C intention for daughter in the future
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empty Model | OR | [95% Crl] | OR | [95% Crl] | aOR | [95% Crl] | ||
| Fixed-effects | ||||||||
| Individual level | ||||||||
| Education | ||||||||
| No Education | 3.9*** | [2.1–7.0] | 4.3*** | [2.4–8.0] | ||||
| Primary | 2.9*** | [1.6–5.3] | 3.3*** | [1.8–6.2] | ||||
| Secondary | 2.0** | [1.1–3.3] | 2.2** | [1.2–3.8] | ||||
| Higher | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 15–19 | 1.9* | [1.1–3.3] | 1.8* | [1.1–3.2] | ||||
| 20–24 | 2.4*** | [1.6–3.6] | 2.3*** | [1.5–3.4] | ||||
| 25–29 | 2.2*** | [1.5–3.3] | 2.2*** | [1.5–3.2] | ||||
| 30–34 | 1.9** | [1.3–2.8] | 1.8** | [1.3–2.7] | ||||
| 35–39 | 1.6** | [1.1–2.4] | 1.6* | [1.1–2.3] | ||||
| 40–44 | 1.7* | [1.1–2.6] | 1.6* | [1.1–2.5] | ||||
| 45–49 | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Wealth | ||||||||
| Poorest | 3.3*** | [2.3–4.7] | 2.1** | [1.3–3.2] | ||||
| Poorer | 2.3*** | [1.6–3.2] | 1.4 | [0.9–2.2] | ||||
| Middle | 2.6*** | [1.9–3.6] | 1.7** | [1.1–2.5] | ||||
| Richer | 1.9*** | [1.4–2.6] | 1.5* | [1.1–2.0] | ||||
| Richest | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Religion | ||||||||
| Christianity | 0.9 | [0.2–4.4] | 1.0 | [0.2–4.7] | ||||
| Islam | 2.8 | [0.6–12.7] | 2.9 | [0.6–13.7] | ||||
| Other | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Healthcare decision | ||||||||
| Alone | 1.7 | [0.6–4.9] | ||||||
| With partner | 1.6 | [0.6–4.6] | 1.7 | [0.6–5.3] | ||||
| Partner | 1.9 | [0.7–5.5] | 1.7 | [0.6–4.8] | ||||
| Other | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Number of daughters | ||||||||
| 0 | 0.97 | [0.51–1.86] | 0.99 | [0.52–1.91] | ||||
| 1 | 1.25 | [0.67–2.33] | 1.27 | [0.68–2.37] | ||||
| 2 | 1.80 | [0.95–3.40] | 1.82 | [0.67–2.37] | ||||
| 3 | 1.59 | [0.79–3.17] | 1.62 | [0.81–3.26] | ||||
| 4 or more | ||||||||
| Daughters Circumcised | ||||||||
| None | 0.1*** | [0.0–0.3] | 0.1** | [0.0–0.3] | ||||
| 1 | 0.4 | [0.1–1.6] | 0.4 | [0.1–1.7] | ||||
| 2 | 0.4 | [0.1–2.1] | 0.5 | [0.1–2.2] | ||||
| 3 or More | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Frequency of reading Newspaper | ||||||||
| Not at all | 1.6* | [1.1–2.5] | 1.6 | [0.9–2.5] | ||||
| Less than once a week | 0.9 | [0.5–1.5] | 0.8 | [0.5–1.5] | ||||
| At least once a week | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Frequency of listening to Radio | ||||||||
| Not at all | 0.9 | [0.8–1.2] | 0.9 | [0.8–1.2] | ||||
| Less than once a week | 1.3 | [0.9–1.6] | 1.3 | [0.9–1.7] | ||||
| At least once a week | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Frequency of watching TV | ||||||||
| Not at all | 1.4* | [1.1–1.9] | 1.2 | [0.9–1.7] | ||||
| Less than once a week | 1.2 | [0.7–1.8] | 1.1 | [0.72–1.7] | ||||
| At least once a week | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Contextual level | ||||||||
| Family head | ||||||||
| Male | 1.0 | [0.8–1.3] | 1.0 | [0.8–1.3] | ||||
| Female | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Region | ||||||||
| Eastern | 3.4*** | [2.3–4.9] | 2.1*** | [1.4–3.1] | ||||
| Northern | 4.3*** | [2.3–6.2] | 2.2*** | [1.5–3.2] | ||||
| Southern | 3.1*** | [2.1–4.5] | 2.1*** | [1.4–3.1] | ||||
| Western | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 0.4*** | [0.3–0.6] | 0.8 | [0.6–1.1] | ||||
| Urban | 1 | [1] | 1 | [1] | ||||
| Random-effects | ||||||||
| Contextual level | ||||||||
| Variance (95% CrI) | 1.4 | [1.11–1.7] | 0.6 | [0.4–0.7] | 0.7 | [0.5–0.9] | 0.51 | [0.3–0.7] |
| VPC %(95% Crl) | 33.4 | [25.4–39.8] | 20.7 | [13.2–25.9] | 23.5 | [15.4–28.3] | 19.4 | [9.1–27.7] |
| MOR (95% CrI) | 3.1 | [2.7–3.4] | 2.0 | [1.8–2.3] | 2.2 | [2.0–2.5] | 2.0 | [1.7–2.2] |
| Explained variation (%) | 1 | [1] | 60.4 | [55.4–64.0] | 49.6 | [46.4–55.0] | 63.3 | [57.8–71.2] |
| Sample Size | ||||||||
| Contextual level | 435 | 435 | 435 | 435 | ||||
| Individual level | 6543 | 6543 | 6543 | 6543 | ||||
aOR adjusted Odds Ratio, OR Odds Ratio, CrI Credible Interval, VPC Variance Partition Coefficient;
MOR Median Odds Ratio; 1 = reference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001]
Source 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey