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ERK signaling. The ERK signaling pathway can be stimulated by ionizing radiation via growth factor and EGFR. Active ERK participates in various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle, autophagy and senescence. IR, ionizing radiation; GF, growth factor; EGF, epidermal GF; MEK1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor.
