Table 2.
Comparisons of Clinical and Parasitological Variables Among Women With PCR-Positive Placental Malaria Parasites in Mpemba Study Site With and Without dhps A581G Mutation by Study Arm
| Variable | All Women | ISTp-DP | IPTp-SP | Mean Difference (95% CI) | P Valuea | Interaction Termb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight, No., mean (SD), g | ||||||
| All infected women | 121, 2916 (415) | 66, 2887 (364) | 55, 2950 (471) | 63 (−87 to 213) | .408 | |
| dhps A581 | 103, 2953 (399) | 57, 2901 (379) | 46, 3018 (418) | 116 (−40 to 272) | .142 | |
| dhps A581G | 18, 2702 (454) | 9, 2797 (248) | 9, 2606 (596) | −192 (−648 to 264) | .385 | |
| Mean difference (95% CI) | −252 (−457 to −46) | −104 (−365 to 158) | −412 (−740 to −84) | |||
| P valuea | .017 | .432 | .015 | |||
| 0.033 | ||||||
| Parasite density, No., median (IQR), ng/μL × 10−3 | ||||||
| All infected women | 125, 0.14 (0.03 to 2.5) | 67, 0.27 (0.04 to 4.1) | 58, 0.10 (0.03 to 0.7) | .110 | ||
| dhps A581 | 107, 0.13 (0.02 to 2.5) | 58, 0.26 (0.04 to 4.1) | 49, 0.09 (0.03 to 0.6) | .086 | ||
| dhps A581G | 18, 0.26 (0.03 to 3.0) | 9, 0.27 (0.05 to 0.99) | 9, 0.11 (0.04 to 3.0) | .895 | ||
| P valuea | .288 | .269 | .672 | |||
| 0.306 | ||||||
| Intervillous inflammation leukocytes ≥ 5, % (n/N) | ||||||
| All infected women | 38 (47/124) | 38 (25/66) | 38 (22/58) | .995 | ||
| dhps A581 | 40 (42/106) | 40 (23/57) | 39 (19/49) | .869 | ||
| dhps A581G | 28 (5/18) | 22 (2/9) | 33 (3/9) | .599 | ||
| P valuea | .338 | .297 | .757 | |||
| 0.769 | ||||||
| Maternal hemoglobin at delivery, No., mean (SD), g/dL | ||||||
| All infected women | 125, 12.1 (1.7) | 67, 11.9 (1.8) | 58, 12.2 (1.6) | 0.3 (−.4 to 0.9) | .432 | |
| dhps A581 | 107, 12.0 (1.6) | 58, 11.9 (1.8) | 49, 12.1 (1.4) | 0.2 (−.4 to .8) | .579 | |
| dhps A581G | 18, 12.5 (2.3) | 9, 12.2 (2.2) | 9, 12.8 (2.6) | 0.6 (−1.8 to 3.0) | .610 | |
| Mean difference (95% CI) | 0.5 (−.4 to 1.4) | 0.3 (−1.0 to 1.6) | 0.7 (−.4 to 1.9) | |||
| P valuea | .237 | .643 | .219 | |||
| 0.538 | ||||||
| Gestational age at delivery, No., mean (SD), wk | ||||||
| All infected women | 122, 37.6 (1.6) | 66, 37.3 (1.5) | 56, 37.8 (1.8) | 0.46 (−.1 to 1.0) | .123 | |
| dhps A581 | 104, 37.7 (1.5) | 57, 37.4 (1.5) | 47, 38.0 (1.4) | 0.64 (.1 to 1.2) | .032 | |
| dhps A581G | 18, 37 (2.2) | 9, 37.2 (1.0) | 9, 36.8 (3.0) | −0.44 (−2.7 to 1.8) | .677 | |
| Mean difference (95% CI) | −0.67 (−1.5 to .2) | −0.16 (−1.2 to .9) | −1.24 (−2.5 to .04) | |||
| P valuea | .106 | .756 | .057 | |||
| 0.075 | ||||||
| Weight-for-age Z-score, No., mean (SD) | ||||||
| All infected women | 121, 0.26 (0.87) | 66, 0.23 (0.88) | 55, 0.30 (0.86) | 0.07 (−.24 to .39) | .650 | |
| dhps A581 | 103, 0.31 (0.90) | 57, 0.28 (0.93) | 46, 0.36 (0.87) | 0.08 (−.28 to .43) | .674 | |
| dhps A581G | 18, −0.04 (0.66) | 9, −0.10 (0.45) | 9, 0.02 (0.85) | 0.12 (−.56 to .80) | .706 | |
| Mean difference (95% CI) | −0.35 (−.79 to .08) | −0.23 (−.45 to .25) | −0.30 (−.96 to .30) | |||
| P valuea | .113 | .232 | .292 | |||
| 0.427 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IPTp-SP, intermittent preventive therapy during pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; IQR, interquartile range; ISTp-DP, intermittent screening during pregnancy and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.
aComputed by linear regression or the Kruskall-Wallis test (for continuous variables) or the χ 2 test (for categorical variables).
bComputed by the Wald test.