Fig. 2.

Remodeling of cardiac tissue by enteroviruses. Following infection and replication, cardiac tissues undergo significant changes. There are alterations in cell biology and the expression of many intracellular components, inducing a dysregulation of inflammation and immunity (shown as text in blue boxes). The immune system effectors will then be recruited and can act in an uncontrolled manner, triggering bystander effects (shown as text in red boxes). Ultimately, the extracellular space between cells will undergo drastic changes, impairing systolic function by breaking down the contacts and communication between cardiac cells (shown as text in green boxes)