Fig. 1.

The usage frequency of each piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) stratified by working area. HCWs were stratified into ‘group 1’ (n = 573, mainly working in the intensive care unit, laboratory, testing room, and operating room), ‘group 2’ (n = 346, mainly working in the fever outpatient department, general patient room, Fangcang shelter hospital, emergency department, cleaning area, imaging examination area, and transfer vehicle), and ‘group 3’ (n = 41, mainly working in the general outpatient department, community, pharmacy, and administrative area). The frequency of PPE usage was scored: score 4 = always (>95% of the time), score 3 = most of the time (≥50% but not 100%), score 2 = occasionally (20% to <50%), and score 1 = rarely (<20%). Mean rank was calculated via Kruskal–Wallis test to compare the usage frequency of each PPE among groups. ∗∗Adjust p < 0.001, ∗ adjust p < 0.05.