Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
| All patients |
No intubation |
Intubation |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) |
150 (100) |
115 (76) |
35 (23) |
||
| Home therapy (a) |
Subintensive CU (b) |
Intensive CU (c) |
|||
| n (%) | 23 (15) | 92 (61) | 35 (23) | ||
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 64.15 ± 15.69 | 62.91 ± 19 | 61.95 ± 14.87c | 70.77 ± 13.91†,b | 0.009 |
| Male gender N(%) | 97 (64.7) | 17 (11.3) | 57 (38) | 23 (15.3) | 0.556 |
| Lymphocytes (∗103/μL)§ | 1.28 ± 1.46 | 1.27 ± 0.72 | 1.21 ± 0.57 | 1.49 ± 2.85 | 0.654 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 8.74 ± 8.32 | 7.42 ± 8.89c | 6.83 ± 7.01c | 14.62 ± 8.61†,a,b | <0.0001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 339.5 ± 129.7 | 343.1 ± 124.6 | 311.2 ± 103.5c | 408.6 ± 165.5†,b | 0.003 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 570.15 ± 952.5 | 407.5 ± 422.6 | 451.19 ± 589.8 | 975.18 ± 1625.5 | 0.073 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.6 ± 0.98 | 37.5 ± 1.11 | 37.5 ± 0.89 | 37.8 ± 1.09 | 0.104 |
| Hypertension N(%) | 65 (58.6) | 12 (66.7) | 41 (59.4) | 12 (50.0) | 0.54 |
| Cardiovascular Disease n(%) | 18 (16.8) | 1 (5.6) | 15 (22.4) | 2 (9.1) | 0.13 |
| ACEi/ARB N(%) | 25 (61.0) | 3 (33.3) | 15 (68.2) | 7 (70.0) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes N(%) | 24 (22.0) | 3 (16.7) | 18 (26.5) | 3 (13.0) | 0.34 |
| Malignancy N(%) | 10 (9.3) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (7.5) | 1 (4.5) | 0.11 |
| Kidney failure N(%) | 11 (10.3) | 0 (0) | 10 (14.9) | 1 (4.5) | 0.11 |
| Radiological characteristics | |||||
| LSS | 16.70 ± 8.37 | 13.83 ± 7.79c | 14.76 ± 7.21c | 23.69 ± 7.92†,a,b | <0.0001 |
| TAT (mm2) | 28,076.90 ± 14,016.29 | 24,877.85 ± 13,813.71 | 26,936.17 ± 13,415.86 | 32,844.06 ± 14,866.94 | 0.067 |
| VAT (mm2) | 14,331.51 ± 8372.32 | 12,014.00 ± 7585.72c | 13,679.66 ± 7807.05 | 17,343.56 ± 9561.3†,a | 0.032 |
| EFT (mm)§ | 6.93 ± 2.54 | 6.41 ± 2.66 | 6.86 ± 2.04 | 7.45 ± 3.48 | 0.713 |
| SAT (mm2) | 13,745.39 ± 8506.76 | 12,863.85 ± 8598.83 | 13,256.51 ± 8122.65 | 15,500.50 ± 9382.40 | 0.186 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD, or N (%); p is from a one-way ANCOVA with multiple comparison LSD adjusted for age and gender or Chi-Square test/Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Letters denote the columns with which a statistically significant pairwise comparison exists. The results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Percentage of patients on ACEi/ARB is calculated on the hypertensive subpopulation. p < 0.05 are highlighted in bold. CU, Care Unit, ICU, Intensive Care Unit; CRP, C reactive protein; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; ACEi, Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme inhibitor; ARB, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker; TAT, Total Fat Area; VAT, Visceral Fat Area; SAT, Subcutaneous Fat Area; EFT, Epicardial Fat Thickness; LSS, Lung Severity Score.
Denotes a statistically significant difference between intubation and no intubation.
Denotes a Ln transformed variable to achieve normal distribution (Lymphocytes and EFT: Mean ± SD = 0.0316 ± 0.2229; 18,605 ± 0,41,905, respectively).