Table 1.
A summary of categorization of coronavirus clinical-based features to be extracted by the domain-based feature extractor.
| Feature category | Feature Name | Description of feature | Feature calibration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epidemiological | Sex | Gender of patient | Male/Female |
| Basic Reproduction | – | range: 1.5–3.5 | |
| Mortality rate | – | 3% | |
| Incubation time | – | 4.8 ± 2.6 days | |
| Age of the deaths | Median age of death was 75 | Range: 48 and 89 | |
| BMI | Body mass index | 23.75 (4.54) | |
| Height | – | 167 (11.75) | |
| Weight (kg) | – | 65.92 (18.75) | |
| Age | Patient current age | 45.11 ± 13.35 | |
| Symptom | Cough | Observed in less than half of the mild cases in the largest included study and in two thirds of cases. | Y |N |
| Fever | The most frequent symptom for mild and moderate cases | <39.1 °C | |
| Anosmia | Stronger predictor of COVID-19 than self-reported fever amongst people in the community | Y |N | |
| Pneumonia | Found in severe cases | Y |N | |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | Found in severe cases. Different forms of ARDS are distinguished based on the degree of hypoxia. When PaO2 is not available, a ratio SpO2/FiO2 ≤ 315 is suggestive of ARDS | Y |N | |
| Organ failure | Found in severe cases | Y |N | |
| Dyspnea | Rare | Y |N | |
| Nausea and vomiting | Rare | Y |N | |
| Headache | More frequent in severe cases | Y |N | |
| Diarrhoea | – | Y |N | |
| Respiratory tract infections | – | Y |N | |
| Shortness of breath | – | Y |N | |
| Snotty | – | Y |N | |
| Rhinorrhea | – | Y |N | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | – | Y |N | |
| Muscle pain | – | Y |N | |
| Loss of appetite | – | Y |N | |
| PaO2 | kpa, range80–100 | Numeric value | |
| SaO | Ranges between ≥95% | Numeric value | |
| Loss of smell | Strong prediction | Y |N | |
| Heart rate | Beats per minute | Around 88.63 | |
| Systolic pressure | Measured in mmgH | Around 129.98 | |
| Diastolic pressure | Measured in mmgH | Around 81.69 | |
| Fatigue | – | Y |N | |
| Expectoration | Most common | Y |N | |
| Septic Shock | Deemed the most critical of them all | Y |N | |
| Septic Shock | Deemed the most critical of them all | Y |N | |
| Sore throat | Pain in any pair of breast | Y |N | |
| pH | Hydrogen ion concentration | Around 7.11 | |
| Temperature (°C) | – | ≥ 37.86 | |
| Pharyngeal pain | – | Y |N | |
| Chest pain/tightness | Not frequent, with less than 5% of mild cases | Y |N | |
| Abdominal pain | – | Y |N | |
| Exposure/Travel History (Spatial/Location) | Contact with people | – | Y |N |
| Stay in areas with community spread | – | Y |N | |
| Comorbidity (diseases) | Cardio-cerebrovascular | – | Y |N |
| Digestive system | – | Y |N | |
| Endocrine diseases | – | Y |N | |
| Runny nose | – | Y |N | |
| Malignant tumor | – | Y |N | |
| Neural system | – | Y |N | |
| Respiratory system diseases | – | Y |N | |
| Laboratory Tests | neutrophil ( × 10⁹per L) | – | range 1.8–6.3 |
| Leucocyte ( × 10⁹per L) | – | range 3.5–9.5 | |
| Lymphocyte ( × 10⁹ per L) | – | range 1.1–3.2 | |
| platelet ( × 10⁹ per L) | – | range 125–350 | |
| Blood coagulation | – | ||
| Active partial thrombin time | – | range 22–36 | |
| Prothrombin time | – | range 10–13.5 | |
| D-dimer | – | range <0.55 | |
| albumin | – | range 35–57 | |
| ALT (IU/L) | – | range 0–64 | |
| AST ((IU/L) | – | range 8–40 | |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | – | range 4.7–24 | |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | – | range2.6–7.5 | |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | – | range 41–73 | |
| CK (mmol/L) | – | range 40–200 | |
| LDH (U/L) | – | range12–250 | |
| Serum Lactate (mmol/L) | – | range >2 | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | – | range3.9–6.1 | |
| Coagulopathy | – | Y |N | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | Infection-associated | range 0.0–6.0 | |
| Procalcitonin | Elevation to evidence of COVID-19 | – | |
| Treatment | Oxygen therapy | – | Y |N |
| Antifungal treatment | – | Y |N | |
| Antiviral treatment | – | Y |N | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (EMO) | – | Y |N | |
| Glucocorticoids | – | Y |N | |
| Antibiotic treatment | – | Y |N | |
| Intensive care unit (ICU) | – | Y |N | |
| Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) | – | Y |N | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) | – | Y |N | |
| Radiological | Pulmonary infiltration | – | Y |N |
| Air bronchogram | – | Y |N | |
| Centrilobular nodules | – | Y |N | |
| Tree-in-bud | – | Y |N | |
| Reticular pattern | – | Y |N | |
| Subpleural linear opacity | – | Y |N | |
| Bronchial dilatation | – | Y |N | |
| Cystic change | – | Y |N | |
| Lymphadenopathy | – | Y |N | |
| Pleural effusion | – | Y |N |