Table 2. Laboratory findings of patients infected with COVID-19.
| Laboratory finding within 24 hours on admission | normal range | Median (IQR) | P valuea | ||
| Total (n=210) | Discharged group (n=175) | Deceased group (n=35) | |||
| Leucocytes, ×109/L, n (%) | (3.5-9.5) ×109/L | 5.2 (3.9-6.4) | 5.1 (3.9-6.1) | 6.4 (4.1-10.7) | 0.037 |
| <3.5 ×109/L | 30 (14) | 24 (14) | 6 (17) | <0.001 | |
| 3.5-9.5 ×109/L | 168 (80) | 148 (84) | 20 (57) | ||
| ≥9.5 | 12 (6) | 3 (2) | 9 (26) | ||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L, n (%) | (0-5) mg/L | 15.5 (3.2-63.6) | 9.3 (2.6-37.2) | 125.8 (49.1-200.0) | <0.001 |
| 0-5 mg/L | 68 (32) | 68 (39) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | |
| ≥5 mg/L | 142 (68) | 107 (61) | 35 (100) | ||
| Lymphocyte, ×109/L, n (%) | (1.1-3.2) ×109/L | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.1 (0.9-1.6) | 0.7 (0.4-0.9) | <0.001 |
| <0.8 ×109/L | 52 (25) | 31 (18) | 21 (60) | <0.001 | |
| 0.8-1.1 ×109/L | 42 (20) | 35 (20) | 7 (20) | ||
| 1.1-3.2×109/L | 114 (54) | 107 (61) | 7 (20) | ||
| ≥3.2×109/L | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Neutrophils, ×109/L, n (%) | (1.8-6.3) ×109/L | 3.3 (2.4-4.5) | 3.0 (2.4-4.3) | 5.2 (2.7-10.0) | 0.003 |
| <1.8 ×109/L | 20 (10) | 16 (9) | 4 (11) | <0.001 | |
| 1.8-6.3 ×109/L | 165 (78) | 149 (85) | 16 (46) | ||
| ≥6.3 ×109/L | 25 (12) | 10 (6) | 15 (43) | ||
| NLR | 2.9 (1.9-5.1) | 2.8 (1.8-3.8) | 8.4 (3.1-13.1) | <0.001 | |
| Monocytes, ×109/L | (0.1-0.6) ×109/L | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 0.4 (0.2-0.5) | 0.225 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL, n (%) | (0.02-0.05) ng/mL | ||||
| <0.02 ng/mL | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001 | |
| 0.02-0.05 ng/mL | 140/205 (68) | 135/170 (79) | 5 (14) | ||
| ≥0.05 ng/mL | 65/205 (32) | 35/170 (21) | 30 (86) | ||
| Platelet count, ×109/L, n (%) | (125-350) ×109/L | 206.0 (159.8-267.0) | 216.0 (169.0-285.0) | 168.0 (124.0-216.0) | <0.001 |
| <125 ×109/L | 20/208 (10) | 19/174 (11) | 1/34 (3) | 0.010 | |
| 125-350 ×109/L | 164/208 (79) | 139/174 (80) | 25/34 (74) | ||
| ≥350 ×109/L | 24/208 (11) | 16/174 (9) | 8/34 (23) | ||
| ALT, IU/L, n (%) | (7-40) IU/L | 29.5 (17.0-45.5) | 27.0 (17.0-43.0) | 35.0 (18.0-77.0) | 0.427 |
| <7 IU/L | 1/208 (0.5) | 0/173 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.261 | |
| 7-40 IU/L | 140/208 (67) | 121/173 (70) | 19 (54) | ||
| ≥40 IU/L | 67/208 (32.5) | 52/173 (30) | 15 (43) | ||
| AST, IU/L, n (%) | (0-45) IU/L | 26.0 (21.0-38.3) | 25.0 (20.0-35.5) | 45.0 (26.0-72.0) | 0.008 |
| <45 IU/L | 165/208 (79) | 149/173 (86) | 16 (46) | <0.001 | |
| ≥45 IU/L | 43/208 (21) | 24/173 (14) | 19 (54) | ||
| Cr, μmol/L, n (%) | (40-105) μmol/L | 67.1 (56.5-84.1) | 65.2 (55.2-80.2) | 76.0 (64.0-107.4) | 0.012 |
| <40 μmol/L | 2/208 (1) | 1/173 (0.5) | 1 (3) | 0.139 | |
| 40-105μmol/L | 197/208 (95) | 167/173 (96.5) | 30 (86) | ||
| ≥105μmol/L | 9/208 (4) | 5/173 (3) | 4 (11) | ||
| BUN, mmol/L, n (%) | (3.1-7.2) mmol/L | 4.7 (3.4-6.1) | 4.4 (3.3-5.6) | 7.2 (5.0-11.1) | <0.001 |
| <3.1 mmol/L | 28 (13) | 26 (15) | 2 (5) | <0.001 | |
| 3.1-7.2 mmol/L | 146 (70) | 130 (74) | 16 (46) | ||
| ≥7.2 mmol/L | 36 (17) | 19 (11) | 17 (49) | ||
| CK, IU/L, n (%) | (30-180) IU/L | 65.0 (43.0-116.0) | 60.0 (41.0-91.5) | 137.0 (54.0-363.0) | 0.008 |
| <30 IU/L | 19/208 (9) | 16/173 (9) | 3 (9) | <0.001 | |
| 30-180 IU/L | 162/208 (78) | 144/173 (83) | 18 (51) | ||
| ≥180 IU/L | 27/208 (13) | 13/173 (8) | 14 (40) | ||
| CK-MB, IU/L, n (%) | (0-25) IU/L | 10.0 (7.0-13.0) | 9.0 (7.0-12.0) | 13.0 (8.0-19.0) | 0.002 |
| <25 IU/L | 204/208 (98) | 171/173 (99) | 33 (94) | 0.074 | |
| ≥25 IU/L | 4/208 (2) | 2/173 (1) | 2 (6) | ||
| APTT, s | (21-35) s | 27.6 (23.7-31.4) | 27.3 (23.5-30.6) | 31.3 (26.0-35.4) | 0.012 |
| Prothrombin time, s | (10-13) s | 11.6 (11.0-12.4) | 11.6 (10.9-12.3) | 12.1 (11.5-12.8) | 0.035 |
| Thrombin time, s | (13-21) s | 19.5 (16.4-22.2) | 19.6 (14.9-22.3) | 18.7 (17.4-21.4) | 0.180 |
| D-dimer, μg/mL, n (%) | (<0.5) μg/mL | 0.6 (0.2-1.9) | 0.6 (0.2-1.1) | 3.6 (0.6-5.7) | <0.001 |
| 0-0.5 μg/mL | 42/168 (25) | 40/139 (29) | 2/29 (7) | 0.014 | |
| ≥0.5 μg/mL | 126/168 (75) | 99/139 (71) | 27/29 (93) | ||
| Albumin, g/L, n (%) | (40-55) g/L | 35.7 (31.9-39.3) | 36.2 (32.8-39.6) | 31.2 (26.7-34.6) | <0.001 |
| <30 g/L | 30/206 (15) | 17/172 (10) | 13/34 (38) | <0.001 | |
| Glucose, mmol/L, n (%) | (3.9-6.1) mmol/L | 5.7 (4.7-7.4) | 5.5 (4.7-6.9) | 6.9 (5.0-7.9) | 0.105 |
| <3.9 mmol/L | 2/205 (1) | 2/171 (1) | 0/34 (0) | <0.001 | |
| 3.9-6.1 mmol/L | 123/205 (60) | 112/171 (66) | 11/34 (32) | ||
| ≥6.1 mmol/L | 80/205 (39) | 57/171 (33) | 23/34 (68) | ||
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | (2-21) μmol/L | 8.9 (6.6-11.9) | 8.4 (6.5-11.6) | 9.6 (6.7-16.7) | 0.043 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | (0.5-1.72) mmol/L | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 0.635 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | (3.1-5.7) mmol/L | 3.9 (3.3-4.6) | 4.0 (3.5-4.6) | 3.4 (2.8-4.2) | 0.051 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, IU/L, n (%) | (114-240) IU/L | 208.0 (165.8-270.8) | 199.0 (164.0-244.0) | 367.0 (251.0-547.0) | <0.001 |
| <240 IU/L | 128/205 (62) | 121/171 (71) | 7/34 (21) | <0.001 | |
| ≥240 IU/L | 77/205 (38) | 50/171 (29) | 27/34 (79) | ||
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Cr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time. a P values indicate differences between the discharged group and the deceased group. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.