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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Nov 2;206:107654. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107654

Table 3.

Adjusted odds of inclusion of opioid agonist treatment in the treatment plan by criminal justice referral to treatment and high state-level criminal justice involvement in opioid treatment, 2015a.

Exposure Adjusted Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval
Individual referral source (0.15, 0.16)
 Criminal justice referral to treatment 0.15
 Non-criminal justice referral source Ref
State-level criminal justice involvement in opioid treatmentb (0.16, 1.70)
 High involvement state 0.52
 Low involvement state Ref
a

Results presented from multivariable logistic regression with state-level random effects modeling opioid agonist treatment provision given criminal justice referral to treatment and state-level criminal justice involvement in opioid treatment, controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, age, education status, employment status, state Medicaid coverage of methadone treatment, and presence of state civil commitment law.

b

High compared to low state-level criminal justice involvement in opioid treatment, where high criminal justice involvement states are defined as states where the proportion of opioid treatment admissions resulting from criminal justice referral is higher than the median.