TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Esomeprazole 20 mg and Esomeprazole 40 mg treatment groups
| Esomeprazole20 mg (N = 49) | Esomeprazole 40 mg (N = 338) | P value | Estimates (SE)/OR | 95%CI | PS adjusted P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) mean ± SD | 57.93 (25.36) | 57.35 (20.42) | 0.7663^ | −0.848 (3.425) | (−7.561, 5.864) | 0.8044$* |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean ± SD | 25.77 (8.26) | 31.05 (19.35) | 0.0013^ | 4.972 (2.843) | (−0.600, 10.544) | 0.0803$* |
| Gender | ||||||
| (Male) | 23 (52.3) | 211 (67.4) | 0.0478^^ | 2.24 | (1.197, 4.192) | 0.0117$ |
| CVA (Stroke), n (%) | 7 (16.3) | 44 (14.1) | 0.6966^^ | 0.841 | (0.349, 2.023) | 0.6983$ |
| HTN, n (%) | 23 (53.5) | 166 (53.0) | 0.9555^^ | 0.94 | (0.493, 1.792) | 0.85$ |
| Asthma, n (%) | 3 (7.0) | 21 (6.7) | 0.6542** | 1.376 | (0.309, 6.135) | 0.6753$ |
| DM, n (%) | 21 (48.8) | 156 (49.8) | 0.9018^^ | 1.091 | (0.579, 2.057) | 0.7866$ |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD), n (%) | 8 (18.6) | 52 (16.6) | 0.7436^^ | 0.867 | (0.368, 2.047) | 0.7456$ |
| Ischemic heart disease (IHD), n (%) | 6 (14.0) | 43 (13.7) | 0.9693^^ | 1.015 | (0.406, 2.538) | 0.9742$ |
| Atrial fibrillation (AFib), n (%) | 4 (9.3) | 35 (11.2) | 0.9853^^ | 1.263 | (0.425, 3.756) | 0.6745$ |
| Heart failure (HF), n (%) | 6 (14.3) | 43 (13.7) | 0.9230^^ | 0.901 | (0.354, 2.292) | 0.8263$ |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS),n (%) | 1 (2.4) | 15 (4.8) | 0.7048** | 1.903 | (0.244, 14.867) | 0.5396$ |
| Dyslipidemia (DLP), n (%) | 6 (14.0) | 55 (17.6) | 0.5549^^ | 1.183 | (0.476, 2.944) | 0.7173$ |
| Hypothyrodism, n (%) | 6 (14.0) | 28 (8.9) | 0.2753** | 0.525 | (0.215, 1.283) | 0.1575$ |
| Cancer, n (%) | 3 (7.0) | 40 (12.8) | 0.2736^^ | 1.123 | (0.418, 3.017) | 0.8186$ |
| Liver disease (any type), n (%) | 3 (7.0) | 16 (5.1) | 0.7141** | 0.709 | (0.197, 2.556) | 0.5995$ |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), n (%) | 2 (4.7) | 28 (9.0) | 0.5568** | 2.114 | (0.486, 9.189) | 0.3181$ |
| Previous C. difficle (Within 6 months of ICU admission) | 1 (2.27) | 2 (0.62) | 0.3190 | 1.251 | (0.585, 2.676) | 0.5636$ |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73m2), mean ± SD | 71.48 (52.93) | 73.37 (48.91) | 0.6802^ | 3.010 (7.933) | (−12.538, 18.559) | 0.7043$* |
| Acute kidney injury | 10 (23.26) | 95 (30.35) | 0.3387 | 1.251 | (0.585, 2.676) | 0.5636$ |
| Bilirubin (µmol/L), mean ± SD | 27.85 (57.02) | 28.58 (56.59) | 0.0362^ | 0.613 (9.534) | (−18.074, 19.299) | 0.9488$* |
| INR, mean ± SD | 1.91 (1.86) | 1.58 (1.16) | 0.7150^ | −0.303 (0.200) | (−0.694, 0.089) | 0.1295$* |
| Platelets count (x 109/L), mean ± SD | 227.33 (126.07) | 221.16 (139.20) | 0.4854^ | −4.673 (21.576) | (−46.962, 37.616) | 0.8285$* |
| aPTT, mean ± SD | 42.99 (38.99) | 38.29 (23.48) | 0.6254^ | −4.350 (3.984) | (−12.159, 3.458) | 0.2749$* |
| ALT, mean ± SD | 151.00 (509.89) | 127.08 (388.80) | 0.9030^ | −26.382 (67.180) | (−158.052, 105.288) | 0.6945$* |
| AST, mean ± SD | 188.54 (485.58) | 198.87 (638.51) | 0.8114^ | 3.776 (101.966) | (−196.074, 203.627) | 0.9705$* |
| Albumin (g/L), mean ± SD | 29.49 (6.83) | 29.64 (5.64) | 0.8761* | −0.081 (0.937) | (−1.918, 1.757) | 0.9315$** |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mean ± SD | 236.11 (160.02) | 277.18 (180.70) | 0.1428^ | 41.884 (29.732) | (−16.389, 100.157) | 0.1589$* |
| FIO2 requirement (%) | 40.51 (17.85) | 43.31 (16.85) | 0.0444^ | 2.355 (1.968) | (−1.502, 6.212) | 0.2314$* |
| GCS baseline, mean ± SD | 9.50 (4.88) | 8.45 (4.48) | 0.1624^ | −1.499 (0.731) | (−2.932,−0.065) | 0.0404$* |
| Lowest RASS, mean ± SD | −2.71 (1.78) | −3.25 (1.34) | 0.1181^ | −0.629 (0.246) | (−1.111,−0.147) | 0.0106$* |
| Glu2 (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 12.01 (6.12) | 12.57 (5.77) | 0.1803^ | 0.777 (0.655) | (−0.508, 2.061) | 0.236$* |
| Chloride (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 104.65 (6.97) | 106.07 (9.35) | 0.1164^ | 1.544 (1.421) | (−1.241, 4.328) | 0.2772$* |
| Lactic acid (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 3.41 (2.89) | 4.01 (4.23) | 0.4526^ | 0.497 (0.670) | (−0.817, 1.810) | 0.4587$* |
| Hematocrit (Hct), mean ± SD | 0.34 (0.09) | 0.33 (0.08) | 0.2858^ | −0.014 (0.013) | (−0.040, 0.012) | 0.3027$* |
| Vasoacive Inotropic Score (VIS)_24 h, mean ± SD | 27.79 (97.79) | 55.60 (292.53) | >0.9999^ | 0.042 (0.136) | (−0.226, 0.309) | 0.7589$* |
| BUN (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 11.02 (9.42) | 11.32 (9.11) | 0.9898^ | 0.449 (1.464) | (−2.420, 3.318) | 0.7589$* |
| Bicarbonate (CO2), mean ± SD | 19.85 (6.27) | 19.60 (5.38) | 0.4252^ | −0.259 (0.868) | (−1.961, 1.442) | 0.7653$* |
Denominator of the percentage is the total number of patients. *T‐Test/^Wilcoxon rank sum test is used to calculate the P‐value. ^^Chi‐square test is used to calculate the P‐value. $*Propensity score adjusted Generalized linear model is used to calculate estimates and P‐value. $**Propensity score adjusted multiple regression model is used to calculate estimates and P‐value. $ propensity score adjusted Logistic regression is used to calculate Odds ratio and P‐value. **Fisher Exact test is used to calculate the P‐value.