Table 2.

Consequences of past (a) and future (b) losses of kelp forests in Australia on carbon standing stock and sequestration rates.

Region	Period	Driver	Coastline (km)	Cover loss (%)	Area loss (ha)	Carbon stock loss (Mg C)	Sequestration rate loss (Mg C year−1)
(a)
Western Australia1	2005–2015	Marine heatwave	800	43.0	97,438	310,949	38,242
South Australia2	1968–2007	Coastal pollution	20	60	6,179	19,720	2,425
Victoria3	1958–2014	Warming and drought	40	85.8	17,665	56,375	6,933
Tasmania4	2001–2017	Sea urchin grazing	80	11.8	4,861	15,513	1,908
New South Wales5	2002–2010	Tropical fish grazing	25	88.7	11,414	36,425	4,480
Australia (total)			965		140,187	447,371	55,020

Region	Projections	Driver	Coast-line (km)	Cover loss (%)	Area loss (ha)	Carbon stock loss (Tg C)	Sequestration rate loss (Tg C year−1)
(b)
Australia6	2100	Warming (RCP2.6)	8,000	49	34,981	8.1	1.0
Australia6	2100	Warming (RCP6.0)	8,000	71	50,686	11.8	1.4

¹Wernberg et al.³², ²Connell et al.³³, ³Carnell and Keough³⁵, ⁴Ling and Keane³⁷, ⁵ Vergés et al.³⁸, ⁶Martínez et al.³⁹. Calculations are provided in the Supplementary Data.