Table 6.
Comparison of characteristics between patients of tertile 3 of home food and sugar sweetened beverages dietary patterns.
| Tertile 3 Home FoodDP (n = 105) |
Tertile 3 SSBDP (n = 101) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 58.6 ± 12.6 | 52.6 ± 12.1 | 0.001 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 58 (55.2%) | 70 (69.3%) | 0.037 |
| Female | 47 (44.8%) | 31 (30.7%) | |
| Sector | |||
| Government | 36 (34.3%) | 45 (44.6%) | 0.050 |
| NGO | 54 (51.4%) | 35 (34.7%) | |
| Private | 15 (14.3%) | 21 (20.8%) | |
| Ethnic | |||
| Malay | 34 (32.4%) | 59 (58.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Chinese | 54 (51.4%) | 26 (25.7%) | |
| Indian | 17 (16.2%) | 16 (15.8%) | |
| Compliance to binder | |||
| Yes | 39 (37.5%) | 42 (42.9%) | 0.437 |
| No | 65 (62.5%) | 56 (57.1%) | |
| Kt/V | 1.66 ± 0.43 | 1.65 ± 0.27 | 0.909 |
| Energy (kcal/kg) | 1456 ± 266 | 1644 ± 327 | < 0.001 |
| Protein (g/kg)* | 54.1 (17.4) | 49.5 (20.2) | 0.044 |
| Phosphate (mg)* | 607 (228) | 632 (280) | 0.584 |
| Plant protein (g)* | 24.4 (8.6) | 23.5 (9.5) | 0.688 |
| Animal protein (g)* | 31.9 (18.6) | 24.7 (16.4) | 0.004 |
| Organic plant phosphate (mg)* | 267 (131) | 265 (164) | 0.353 |
| Organic animal phosphate (mg)* | 283 (199) | 231 (186) | 0.003 |
| Inorganic phosphate (mg)* | 45 (98) | 147 (158) | < 0.001 |
| Phosphate protein ratio* | 11.6 (3.1) | 12.9 (3.6) | 0.001 |
| Serum phosphorus (mmol/l) | 1.71 ± 0.47 | 1.87 ± 0.49 | 0.021 |
| 1.75 ± 0.06† | 1.92 ± 0.06† | 0.014† | |
| Category of serum phosphorus | |||
| ≤ 1.78 mmol/l | 61 (58.1%) | 45 (44.6%) | 0.052 |
| > 1.78 mmol/l | 44 (41.9%) | 56 (55.4%) | |
Continuous data was presented as mean ± SD and independent t test was used for analyses while categorical data was presented as frequency (%) and chi-square test was used for analysis.
DP dietary pattern, NGO non-governmental organization, SSB sugar sweetened beverages.
*Data was presented as median with interquartile range (IQR) and Mann–Whitney test was used for analyses. Bold values denote statistical significance at p-value < 0.05.
†Data was presented as mean ± SE and the general linear model was used for analysis with adjustment for age, gender, ethnic, sector of dialysis provider, dialysis vintage, Kt/V, normalization of protein nitrogen appearance, history of parathyroidectomy, prescription of activated vitamin D, and self-reported compliance to phosphate binder.
Forty-four patients were excluded in these analyses as they were categorized into tertile 3 of both Home FoodDP and SSBDP.