Table 2.
PHQ-9 score and screen-detected positive depression among 932 Chinese healthcare workers during COVID-19.
|
Guangdong
(n=510) |
Hubei
(n=146) |
Hong Kong
(n=276) |
|
| PHQ-9 score | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.6 (4.8) | 5.4 (4.6) | 10.5 (6.4) |
| Effect size# | 1.09 | 0.86 | Reference |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Adjusted* mean (95% CI) | 4.9 (4.2-5.5) | 5.7 (4.5-6.9) | 7.5 (6.6-8.5) |
| Difference; mean (95% CI) | 2.7 (1.3-4.0) | 1.8 (0.2-3.5) | Reference |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.029 | |
| PHQ-9 positive (score ≥9) | |||
| n | 66 | 22 | 139 |
| Prevalence; % (95% CI) | 12.9 (10.3-16.2) | 15.1 (10.1-21.9) | 50.4 (44.5-56.2) |
| Effect size^ | 0.41 | 0.35 | Reference |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Adjusted* prevalence; % (95% CI) | 15.9 (12.0-19.9) | 16.5 (8.0-25.0) | 30.0 (21.1-38.9) |
| Difference; % (95% CI) | 14.1 (0.4-24.5) | 13.5 (-0.01-27.1) | Reference |
| p-value | 0.008 | 0.051 | |
| Moderately severe/severe depression (score ≥15) | |||
| n | 23 | 7 | 74 |
| Prevalence; % | 4.5 (3.0-6.7) | 4.8 (2.3-9.7) | 26.8 (21.9-32.4) |
| Effect size^ | 0.32 | 0.27 | |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Adjusted* prevalence; % (95% CI) | 5.7 (3.1-8.3) | 4.8 (-0.1-9.7) | 8.0 (3.3-12.7) |
| Difference; % (95% CI) | 3.2 (-3.7-10.2) | 2.3 (-3.0-7.6) | Reference |
| p-value | 0.402 | 0.364 | |
*Adjusted for sex, educational level, marital status, location, profession, ward/unit, work experience, close contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, personal protective equipment provision, infection control training, and presence of COVID-19-like symptoms.
#Cohen’s d.
^Cohen’s w.