Table 4.
Multivariable‐adjusted mean values of the total brain volume : intracranial volume ratios and hippocampal volume : intracranial volume ratios according to quartiles of each glycemic measure after excluding 291 individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia in 2012
| No. participants |
Multivariable‐adjusted mean values (95% CI) of the TBV : ICV ratio (%)† (an indicator of global brain atrophy) |
Multivariable‐adjusted mean values (95% CI) of the HV : ICV ratio (%)† (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| GA (%) | |||
| Q1 (10.2–14.4) | 250 | 78.5 (78.3–78.7) | 0.536 (0.529–0.543) |
| Q2 (14.5–15.4) | 236 | 78.5 (78.2–78.7) | 0.542 (0.535–0.550) |
| Q3 (15.5–16.7) | 250 | 78.6 (78.3–78.8) | 0.533 (0.526–0.540) |
| Q4 (16.8–32.9) | 251 | 78.0 (77.8–78.3)* | 0.529 (0.521–0.537) |
| P for trend = 0.03 | P for trend = 0.14 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | |||
| Q1 (4.6–5.4) | 206 | 78.2 (78.0–78.5) | 0.534 (0.526–0.542) |
| Q2 (5.5–5.7) | 337 | 78.5 (78.3–78.7) | 0.535 (0.529–0.541) |
| Q3 (5.8–6.0) | 216 | 78.3 (78.1–78.6) | 0.531 (0.523–0.539) |
| Q4 (6.1–9.6) | 228 | 78.3 (78.1–78.6) | 0.540 (0.531–0.548) |
| P for trend = 0.93 | P for trend = 0.73 | ||
| GA : HbA1c ratio | |||
| Q1 (1.89–2.53) | 246 | 78.5 (78.3–78.8) | 0.539 (0.532–0.547) |
| Q2 (2.53–2.69) | 247 | 78.7 (78.5–78.9) | 0.542 (0.535–0.549) |
| Q3 (2.70–2.89) | 248 | 78.3 (78.1–78.5) | 0.533 (0.526–0.540) |
| Q4 (2.89–4.45) | 246 | 78.0 (77.7–78.2)** | 0.527 (0.519–0.534) |
| P for trend < 0.001 | P for trend = 0.008 | ||
CI, confidence interval; GA, glycated albumin; GA : HbA1c ratio, glycated albumin : hemoglobin A1c ratio; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HV, hippocampal volume; TBV, total brain volume.
P < 0.05
P < 0.01 versus quartile 1 (Q1) of each glycemic measure.
The values were adjusted for age, sex, low education, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol, electrocardiogram abnormalities, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol drinking habits and regular exercise.