Table 5.
Multivariable‐adjusted mean values of the brain volume : intracranial volume ratios and hippocampal volume : intracranial volume ratios according to quartiles of each glycemic measure in the subgroups of diabetes status
| No. participants |
Multivariable‐adjusted mean values (95% CI) of the TBV : ICV ratio (%)† (an indicator of global brain atrophy) |
P for heterogeneity |
Multivariable‐adjusted mean values (95% CI) of the HV : ICV ratio (%)† (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy) |
P for heterogeneity |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GA (%) | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus (−) | |||||
| Q1 (10.2–14.3) | 299 | 78.2 (78.0–78.5) | 0.529 (0.521–0.536) | ||
| Q2 (14.4–15.6) | 289 | 78.1 (77.9–78.3) | 0.530 (0.523–0.538) | ||
| Q3 (15.7–17.1) | 267 | 78.3 (78.0–78.5) | 0.527 (0.519–0.535) | ||
| Q4 (17.2–40.6) | 127 | 77.7 (77.3–78.0)* | 0.510 (0.499–0.522)* | ||
| P for trend = 0.07 | 0.25 | P for trend = 0.042 | 0.69 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (+) | |||||
| Q1 (10.2–14.3) | 22 | 77.3 (76.5–78.1) | 0.491 (0.465–0.518) | ||
| Q2 (14.4–15.6) | 37 | 78.1 (77.5–78.8) | 0.522 (0.502–0.543) | ||
| Q3 (15.7–17.1) | 50 | 77.9 (77.3–78.4) | 0.516 (0.499–0.533) | ||
| Q4 (17.2–40.6) | 187 | 77.2 (76.9–77.4) | 0.502 (0.493–0.511) | ||
| P for trend = 0.02 | P for trend = 0.50 | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus (−) | |||||
| Q1 (4.4–5.3) | 277 | 78.0 (77.8–78.2) | 0.524 (0.517–0.532) | ||
| Q2 (5.4–5.7) | 393 | 78.3 (78.1–78.5) | 0.528 (0.522–0.534) | ||
| Q3 (5.8–6.1) | 223 | 78.1 (77.9–78.3) | 0.525 (0.517–0.534) | ||
| Q4 (6.2–13.4) | 89 | 77.8 (77.4–78.2) | 0.527 (0.513–0.540) | ||
| P for trend = 0.62 | 0.73 | P for trend = 0.83 | 0.92 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (+) | |||||
| Q1 (4.4–5.3) | 8 | 78.1 (76.8–79.5) | 0.517 (0.473–0.560) | ||
| Q2 (5.4–5.7) | 26 | 77.2 (76.4–77.9) | 0.500 (0.476–0.524) | ||
| Q3 (5.8–6.1) | 53 | 77.3 (76.8–77.9) | 0.505 (0.488–0.522) | ||
| Q4 (6.2–13.4) | 209 | 77.4 (77.2–77.7) | 0.507 (0.485–0.515) | ||
| P for trend = 0.89 | P for trend = 0.84 | ||||
| GA : HbA1c ratio | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus (−) | |||||
| Q1 (1.89–2.55) | 255 | 78.3 (78.1–78.5) | 0.529 (0.521–0.537) | ||
| Q2 (2.55–2.72) | 260 | 78.3 (78.1–78.5) | 0.537 (0.529–0.545) | ||
| Q3 (2.72–2.93) | 252 | 78.2 (77.9–78.4) | 0.523 (0.515–0.531) | ||
| Q4 (2.93–4.44) | 215 | 77.7 (77.4–77.9)** | 0.514 (0.505–0.522) | ||
| P for trend 0.001 | 0.29 | P for trend = 0.004 | 0.61 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (+) | |||||
| Q1 (1.89–2.55) | 63 | 77.5 (77.0–78.0) | 0.511 (0.494–0.527) | ||
| Q2 (2.55–2.72) | 60 | 78.3 (77.8–78.8) | 0.512 (0.497–0.529) | ||
| Q3 (2.72–2.93) | 69 | 77.2 (76.8–77.7) | 0.509 (0.493–0.523) | ||
| Q4 (2.93–4.44) | 104 | 76.9 (76.6–77.3) | 0.498 (0.486–0.511) | ||
| P for trend 0.001 | P for trend = 0.039 | ||||
CI, confidence interval; GA, glycated albumin; GA : HbA1c ratio, glycated albumin : hemoglobin A1c ratio; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HV, hippocampal volume; TBV, total brain volume.
P < 0.05
P < 0.01 vs quartile 1 of each glycemic measure.
The values were adjusted for age, sex, low education, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, serum total cholesterol, electrocardiogram abnormalities, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol drinking habits and regular exercise.