Table 1.
Patients characteristics, stratified by sex
| Total patients (n = 447) | Men patients (n = 255) | Women patients (n = 192) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.10 ± 9.47 | 64.95 ± 9.79 | 67.63 ± 8.82 | 0.003 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 8.02 ± 6.82 | 7.64 ± 6.90 | 8.52 ± 6.70 | 0.177 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 139.44 ± 22.27 | 136.92 ± 21.53 | 142.79 ± 22.84 | 0.006 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.42 ± 12.56 | 78.26 ± 12.60 | 76.30 ± 12.45 | 0.103 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.41 ± 3.66 | 23.97 ± 3.25 | 25.00 ± 4.07 | 0.003 |
| Smoking (current or ever) | 28.6% | 49.4% | 1.0% | 0.000 |
| Drinking (current or ever) | 21.7% | 36.9% | 1.6% | 0.000 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.85 ± 3.18 | 8.53 ± 2.72 | 9.27 ± 3.66 | 0.030 |
| HbA1c (mmol/L) | 9.85 ± 2.36 | 10.14 ± 2.55 | 9.46 ± 2.02 | 0.003 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.47 ± 1.22 | 4.29 ± 1.09 | 4.69 ± 1.35 | 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.82 ± 1.57 | 1.65 ± 1.10 | 2.05 ± 2.01 | 0.009 |
| HDL‐c (mmol/L) | 1.00 ± 0.26 | 0.96 ± 0.25 | 1.06 ± 0.26 | 0.000 |
| LDL‐c (mmol/L) | 2.58 ± 0.93 | 2.51 ± 0.88 | 2.67 ± 0.99 | 0.087 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 37.65 ± 4.67 | 38.26 ± 4.17 | 36.83 ± 4.95 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 71.98 ± 31.75 | 78.64 ± 30.00 | 63.15 ± 31.92 | 0.000 |
| Uric (μmol/L) | 314.19 ± 98.01 | 327.74 ± 101.06 | 296.15 ± 90.96 | 0.001 |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 43.60 ± 22.18 | 43.08 ± 21.04 | 44.43 ± 24.10 | 0.739 |
| PINP (ng/mL) | 14.95 ± 22.08 | 13.14 ± 19.76 | 17.36 ± 24.67 | 0.045 |
| β‐CTX (ng/mL) | 0.38 ± 0.24 | 0.35 ± 0.25 | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.072 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 58.42 ± 22.71 | 60.54 ± 20.93 | 55.71 ± 24.66 | 0.155 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.19 ± 0.11 | 2.19 ± 0.11 | 2.19 ± 0.11 | 0.812 |
| GNRI | 101.72 ± 9.65 | 101.36 ± 9.30 | 102.22 ± 10.09 | 0.355 |
| BMD | ||||
| Total lumbar (g/cm2) | 1.009 ± 0.312 | 1.073 ± 0.363 | 0.925 ± 0.201 | 0.000 |
| Femur neck (g/cm2) | 0.788 ± 0.148 | 0.827 ± 0.135 | 0.738 ± 0.149 | 0.000 |
| Total hip (g/cm2) | 0.858 ± 0.162 | 0.896 ± 0.148 | 0.809 ± 0.166 | 0.000 |
| Osteoporosis | 15.1% | 9.8% | 21.9% | 0.001 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation or number (%). P < 0.05 was deemed significant (comparison between men and women). 25(OH)D, 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin; β‐CTX, β‐isomerized C‐terminal telopeptides; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GNRI, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL‐c, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐c, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; PINP, procollagen of type I N‐propeptide; PTH, parathyroid hormone; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.