Table 3.
Coagulation markers, inflammatory markers, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin by patient group
| Marker | No thrombotic or bleeding complication (n = 347)* | Thrombotic complication (n = 38)† | P (no complication vs thrombotic complication)‡ | Bleeding complication (n = 19)§ | P (no complication vs bleeding complication)‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-dimer, ng/mL | |||||
| Initial | 891 (568-1503) | 1538 (953-3288) | .0002 | 1189 (788-2577) | .083 |
| Minimum | 760 (494-1189) | 1336 (833-1681) | .0006 | 928 (605-1620) | .17 |
| Peak | 1377 (818-3052) | 4001 (2896-8821) | <.0001 | 3625 (2135-4783) | .0004 |
| PT, s¶ | |||||
| Initial | 13.9 (13.1-14.8) | 13.8 (13.2-14.6) | .99 | 14.0 (13.3-14.8) | .44 |
| Minimum | 13.6 (12.9-14.3) | 13.5 (12.9-14.3) | .80 | 13.9 (13.0-14.3) | .51 |
| Peak | 14.4 (13.5-15.8) | 16.0 (14.7-16.8) | .0001 | 16.3 (14.6-17.4) | .011 |
| INR | |||||
| Initial | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | .94 | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | .58 |
| Minimum | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | .68 | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | .43 |
| Peak | 1.1 (1.1-1.3) | 1.3 (1.2-1.4) | .0002 | 1.3 (1.2-1.4) | .017 |
| PTT, s|| | |||||
| Initial | 34.3 (30.8-39.1) | 34.3 (31.5-38.5) | .88 | 36.5 (30.4-38.4) | .72 |
| Minimum | 32.8 (29.6-36.3) | 30.6 (29.1-38.7) | .61 | 31.6 (28.3-37.3) | .80 |
| Peak | 37.0 (32.5-43.5) | 38.1 (34.0-47.8) | .56 | 47.5 (39.1-60.8) | .059 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | |||||
| Initial | 579 (481-696) | 696 (535-849) | .0045 | 682 (405-838) | .50 |
| Minimum | 549 (463-663) | 669 (528-753) | .0028 | 486 (312-712) | .61 |
| Peak | 662 (504-760) | 828 (666-976) | .0001 | 703 (497-1081) | .19 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | |||||
| Initial | 188 (153-233) | 206 (161-274) | .083 | 157 (132-220) | .072 |
| Minimum | 163 (130-210) | 179 (149-238) | .091 | 124 (95-154) | .0005 |
| Peak | 270 (197-366) | 283 (243-385) | .12 | 267 (153-353) | .23 |
| CRP, mg/L | |||||
| Initial | 63.3 (25.6-139.3) | 124.7 (55.5-163.1) | .0011 | 46.6 (15.5-219.1) | .91 |
| Minimum | 35.4 (12.7-73.7) | 94.2 (46.2-134.7) | <.0001 | 21.4 (4.9-120.3) | .64 |
| Peak | 130.3 (54.2-216.0) | 277.7 (150.3-338.4) | <.0001 | 148.4 (88.6-301.0) | .18 |
| ESR, mm/h | |||||
| Initial | 38 (23-58) | 47 (38-63) | .020 | 21 (14-52) | .22 |
| Minimum | 36 (21-56) | 43 (34-59) | .079 | 21 (10-44) | .068 |
| Peak | 56 (35-97) | 91 (54-124) | .0077 | 65 (21-115) | .87 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | |||||
| Initial | 504 (253-1007) | 825 (594-1249) | .015 | 739 (289-1305) | .32 |
| Minimum | 453 (235-834) | 750 (554-1128) | .0056 | 696 (289-901) | .49 |
| Peak | 707 (348-1358) | 1182 (697-2081) | .0020 | 1075 (533-1722) | .13 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | |||||
| Initial | 0.13 (0.08-0.26) | 0.23 (0.13-0.43) | .0040 | 0.20 (0.17-0.58) | .0046 |
| Minimum | 0.13 (0.07-0.22) | 0.22 (0.12-0.43) | .0033 | 0.20 (0.17-0.58) | .0031 |
| Peak | 0.15 (0.08-0.37) | 0.55 (0.16-2.72) | <.0001 | 0.58 (0.19-3.48) | .0002 |
| High-sensitivity cardiac troponin, ng/L | |||||
| Initial | 10 (0-23) | 16 (8-29) | .051 | 14 (11-41) | .022 |
| Minimum | 9 (0-19) | 16 (8-24) | .021 | 13 (8-39) | .033 |
| Peak | 6 (13-32) | 54 (18-118) | <.0001 | 35 (16-77) | .0003 |
Bold P values represent statistical significance.
All data are median (interquartile range). Four patients had bleeding and thrombotic complications and were included in each group. For additional details regarding assays and reference ranges, see supplemental Table 2.
Of 347 patients, initial data were available for D-dimer in all patients; platelet count data were available for all patients; CRP data were available for 343 patients, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin data were available for 342 patients, ferritin data were available for 320 patients, procalcitonin data were available for 314 patients, ESR data were available for 262 patients, PT data were available for 260 patients, INR data were available for 260 patients, PTT data were available for 173 patients, and fibrinogen data were available for 151 patients. Peak and minimum values are included only for patients with initial values to ensure that the same population of patients contributed to each measure. Twenty-three patients were excluded from PT and INR analyses because of the use of warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants during all measurements, and 20 patients were excluded from PTT analyses because of the use of direct oral anticoagulants or heparin infusion during all measurements.
Of 38 patients, initial D-dimer data were available for all patients, platelet count data were available for all patients, CRP data were available for 35 patients, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin data were available for 35 patients, ferritin data were available for 35 patients, procalcitonin data were available for 34 patients, PT data were available for 34 patients, INR data were available for 34 patients, PTT data were available for 32 patients, fibrinogen data were available for 29 patients, and ESR data were available for 27 patients. Peak and minimum values are included only for patients with initial values to ensure that the same population of patients contributed to each measure. Two patients were excluded from PT, INR, and PTT analyses because of the use of apixaban during all measurements.
Mann-Whitney test.
Of 19 patients, initial data were available for D-dimer, platelet count, CRP, ferritin, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin in all patients; procalcitonin data were available for 17 patients; PT data were available for 18 patients; INR data were available for 18 patients; fibrinogen data were available for 16 patients; PTT data were available for 15 patients; and ESR data were available for 15 patients. Peak and minimum values are included only for patients with initial values to ensure that the same population of patients contributed to each measure.
Individual measurements taken while receiving warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants were excluded from analysis.
Individual measurements taken while receiving heparin infusion or direct oral anticoagulants were excluded from analysis.