Table 3.
Significant health effects of different bioactive compounds of buckwheat.
| Bioactive compounds | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|
| Polysaccharides, procyanidin dimer, quercetin, and tannins | Anti-tumor | Ji et al., 2019, Jing et al., 2016, Joshi et al., 2020, Lv et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2016b |
| Catechins, coumarins, curcuminoids, mandelic acid, lignans, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, quercetin, rutin, stilbenes, and tannins | Anti-oxidant | Bose et al., 2018, Ji et al., 2019, Jing et al., 2016, Joshi et al., 2020, Lv et al., 2017, Tungmunnithum et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2016b |
| Apigenin, chrysin, hispidulin, hesperidin, isoorientin, isovitexin, luteolin, polysaccharides, quercetin, and rutin | Anti-inflammatory | Bose et al., 2018, Giménez-Bastida and Zieliński, 2015, Ji et al., 2019, Tungmunnithum et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018 |
| Apigenin, naringenin, polysaccharides, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, and silymarin | Hepatoprotective | Bose et al., 2018, Ji et al., 2019, Jing et al., 2016, Joshi et al., 2020, Zhang et al., 2015 |
| Chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, hydroxybenzoic acid, luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and rutin | Anti-bacterial | Bose et al., 2018, Jing et al., 2016, Joshi et al., 2020, Tungmunnithum et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018 |
| Quercetin and esperidin | Anti-fungal | Bose et al. (2018) |
| Apigenin, catechin, dihydroquercetin, emodin, hesperidine, morin, quercetin, and rutin | Anti-viral | Bose et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Zhou et al., 2020 |
| Kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin | Anti-ulcer | Bose et al. (2018) |
| Globulin | Anti-fatigue | Jing et al. (2016) |
| Polysaccharides | Hypolipidemic | Ji et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2016b |
| Apigenin, hesperidin, luteolin, polysaccharides, and quercetin | Immunoregulatory | Ji et al., 2019, Tungmunnithum et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2016b |
| Galangin, kaempferol, myricetin, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, polysaccharides, and rutin | Neuroprotective | Giménez-Bastida and Zieliński, 2015, Ji et al., 2019, Jing et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016b, Wang et al., 2018, Zhu, 2016 |
| d-chiro-inositol, isoquercetin, polysaccharides, quercetin, and rutin | Anti-diabetic | Bose et al., 2018, Ji et al., 2019, Joshi et al., 2020, Lv et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2015 |
| Apigenin, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, resveratrol, rutin, and syringic acid | Cardioprotective | Bose et al., 2018, Gorniak et al., 2019, Joshi et al., 2020, Tungmunnithum et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018 |
| Apigenin, naringenin, nobiletin, phenylpropanoid glycosides, procyanidin dimer, quercetin, and tangeretin | Anti-cancer | Giménez-Bastida and Zieliński, 2015, Gorniak et al., 2019, Jing et al., 2016, Lv et al., 2017, Tungmunnithum et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018 |
| Quercetin | Anti-atherosclerosis | Bose et al., 2018, Gorniak et al., 2019 |
| Fagopyritol A1 and rutin | Blood glucose and cholesterol lowering | Giménez-Bastida and Zieliński, 2015, Joshi et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2018, Lv et al., 2017 |
| Catechins, fisetin, genistein, hydrobenzoic acids, kaempferol, synigric acid, toxifolin, and vanillic acid | Anti-neoplastic | Bose et al., 2018, Joshi et al., 2020 |
| Catechins, galangin, kaempferol, and myricetin | Anti-aging | Joshi et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2018 |
| Kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, and quercetin | Anti-thrombotic | Bose et al., 2018, Lv et al., 2017 |