Table 4.
Comparison of nutritional compounds with their concentration among buckwheat, rice, wheat, and maize. (Joshi et al., 2019, Sindhu and Khatkar, 2019).
| Nutrients | Buckwheat | Rice | Wheat | Maize |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proximate composition (g/100 g grain) | ||||
| Energy (Kcal) | 355 | 345 | 346 | 365 |
| Total Carbohydrates (g) | 72.9 | 78.2 | 71.2 | 74.3 |
| Total fiber (%) | 17.8 | 4.5 | 12.5 | 7.5 |
| Crude protein (%) | 12 | 6.8 | 11.8 | 9.4 |
| Moisture (%) | 11 | 13.7 | 12.8 | 10.4 |
| Fat (g) | 7.4 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 4.7 |
| Essential amino acids (% of total protein) | ||||
| Leucine | 6.7 | 8.2 | 6.3 | 13 |
| Lysine | 5.9 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 1.9 |
| Valine | 4.7 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 5.0 |
| Phenylalanine | 4.2 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
| Methionine | 3.7 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.2 |
| Isoleucine | 3.5 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 3.8 |
| Threonine | 3.5 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 3.9 |
| Histidine | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| Cystine | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
| Tryptophan | 1.4 | 1 | 1.2 | 0.6 |
| Minerals and trace elements (mg/100 g grain) | ||||
| Potassium | 450 | 268 | 284 | 287 |
| Magnesium | 390 | 65 | 138 | 127 |
| Phosphorus | 330 | 160 | 298 | 210 |
| Calcium | 110 | 10 | 30 | 7 |
| Iron | 4 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 2.7 |
| Manganese | 3.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 1.9 |
| Zinc | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
| Vitamins (mg/100 g grain) | ||||
| Niacin | 18 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 3.6 |
| Riboflavin | 10.6 | 0.06 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Thiamine | 3.3 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Choline | 440 | – | – | – |
| Tocopherols | 40 | – | – | – |