Table 2.

Outcomes of RCTs that evaluated PDGF safety and effectiveness.

Ref	Type of growth factor	Wound closure	Mean time to heal in treatment groups	Mechanism mentioned as complete healing		Confounders				Further outcomes
				Granulation tissue	Reepithelialization	Sex	Baseline HbA1c	Wound size	Offloading	Recurrence rate	Amputation rate
[8]	PDGF-Becaplermin®	50%, 35%, and 36% of complete healing in 100 μg/g Becaplermin® gel and placebo and 30 μg/g Becaplermin® gel, respectively	86 days for 100 μg/g Becaplermin® gel (decreased time by 32%)	NM	NM	NM	N	N	Y(+)	30% in all groups	NM
[9]	rhPDGF-BB gel	48% complete healing in the PDGF group compared with 25% in the placebo group p = 0.01	30 days in the PDGF and 40 days in the placebo group. p = 0.01	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM	26% in PDGF treated versus 46%	NM
[10]	Topical PDGF	52% of healing in the test group versus 57% of healing in the control group (not significant)	16 weeks	NM	Y	NM	N	Y(-)	Y(+)	NM	3 cases in total
[11]	rhPDGF-BB gel	All ulcers in both groups had healed by the end of the study period	50.10 ± 23.38 days 41.8% reduction in healing time (p = 0.02)	NM	NM	NM	NM	N	Y(+)	NM	NM
[12]	PDGF	Percentage of patients with complete wound contraction was significantly (p = 0.03) higher in the PDGF group compared to the other groups	6.75-7.6 weeks Not significant	NM	NM	NM	NM	N	NM	NM	NM
[13]	PDGF	18 (72%) ulcers had healed in the control group and 15 (60%) in the test group (p > 0.05). Three ulcers in the control group showed >75% reduction in size compared to 2 in the test group (p > 0.05).	10 weeks	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM
[14]	PDGF gel	A significantly higher (p < 0.01) percentage of patients in the rhPDGF-based gel-treated group achieved complete healing	46 days (p < 0.001)	NM	Y	NM	NM	Y(-)	NM	NM	NM
[15]	PDGF	The rates of wound closure with TheraGauze and TheraGauze + Becaplermin® were 0.37 and 0.41 cm2/week, respectively (p = 0.34)	12 weeks	NM	Y	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM	N

PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; Y: yes; N: no; NM: not mentioned.