Table 2.

A summary of the expansion ratio achieved with different medium/serum supplement and bioprocessing strategies.

Medium/serum	Bioprocessing method (working volume)		Initial cell seeding	Final cell yield	Expansion ratio	Doubling time (h)	Reference
FBS	Multilayered flask	Hyperflask	5.16E + 06	7.36E + 07	14.26	23.75	[36]
		CellSTACK 5-chamber	3.18E + 06	3.20E + 08	100.63	39.68	[17]
		CellSTACK 2-chamber	1.27E + 06	2.48E + 08	195.28	15.77	[6]
		Cell Factory 4-chamber	8.00E + 05	2.53E + 08	316.25	49.80	[37]
	Spinner flask	Spinner flask (100 ml)	3.00E + 06	8.58E + 06	2.86	94.99	[18]
		Spinner flask (100 ml)	9.60E + 06	8.50E + 07	8.85	53.40	[56]
		Spinner flask (80 ml)	2.00E + 06	5.40E + 06	2.70	167.50	[24]
		Spinner flask (50 ml)	6.25E + 06	2.41E + 07	3.86	86.28	[7]
		Spinning bottle	5.00E + 06	1.30E + 07	2.60	104.46	[16]
	Bioreactor	Quantum Cell Expansion System	2.10E + 07	1.19E + 08	5.67	201.40	[19]
		Quantum Cell Expansion System	2.10E + 07	4.00E + 08	19.00	39.50	[38]
		Pall Life Sciences Xpansion Multiplate Bioreactor	1.60E + 08	5.35E + 08	3.34	96.47	[39]
		Fibrous bed bioreactor (1.75 l)	1.00E + 07	9.20E + 07	9.20	67.47	[35]
Human serum/human platelet lysate	Multilayered flask	Hyperflasks	3.44E + 06	4.47E + 07	12.99	71.36	[26]
		CellSTACK 2-chamber	5.09E + 06	5.28E + 07	10.37	49.79	[23]
		CellSTACK 2-chamber	5.09E + 06	4.69E + 07	9.22	37.44	[23]
		CellSTACK 2-chamber	5.09E + 06	3.64E + 07	7.15	59.21	[23]
		CellSTACK 2-chamber	5.09E + 06	5.65E + 07	11.10	34.56	[23]
		CellSTACK 5-chamber	3.18E + 06	4.98E + 08	156.60	36.21	[17]
		Cell Factory 4-chamber	1.90E + 08	7.80E + 08	4.11	159.02	[22]
	Spinner flask	Spinner flask (80 ml)	4.00E + 06	2.80E + 07	7.00	47.02	[25]
		Spinner flask (80 ml)	2.00E + 06	10.40E + 06	5.20	100.90	[24]
		Spinner flask (100 ml)	2.00E + 06	4.20E + 07	21.00	32.78	[26]
	Roller bottle	Roller bottle	4.25E + 06	2.98E + 07	7.01	68.45	[26]
	Bioreactor	Quantum Cell Expansion System	2.10E + 07	6.05E + 08	28.81	29.70	[19]
		Continuously stirred tank reactor (130 ml)	1.30E + 07	2.40E + 07	1.85	162.80	[20]
		Continuously stirred tank reactor (130 ml)	1.30E + 07	2.90E + 07	2.23	124.40	[20]
		Mobius® 50 l single-use bioreactor	3.00E + 08	1.28E + 10	42.67	48.75	[21]
		Stirred tank bioreactor (800 ml)	8.00E + 06	7.92E + 07	9.90	50.79	[26]
Defined medium	Spinner flask	Spinner flask (80 ml)	4.00E + 06	1.92E + 07	4.80	53.03	[31]
		Spinner flask (80 ml)	4.00E + 06	2.88E + 07	7.20	67.42	[30]
		Spinner flask (80 ml)	1.50E + 06	1.52E + 07	10.13	57.80	[30]
		Spinner flask (100 ml)	3.00E + 06	3.01E + 07	10.03	43.29	[18]
		Spinner flask (35 ml)	7.50E + 05	3.75E + 06	5.00	72.35	[29]
		Spinner flask (35 ml)	7.50E + 05	5.25E + 06	7.00	59.84	[29]
		Spinner flask (80 ml)	4.00E + 06	1.60E + 07	4.00	168.00	[33]
		Spinner flask (80 ml)	4.00E + 06	1.12E + 07	2.80	226.20	[33]
	Bioreactor	2 l Univessel® SU bioreactor (2 l)	2.50E + 07	4.22E + 08	16.88	41.20	[28]
		2 l Univessel® SU bioreactor (2 l)	2.50E + 07	5.06E + 08	20.24	38.72	[28]
		Stirred tank bioreactor (800 ml)	2.00E + 07	1.12E + 08	5.60	38.63	[31]
		Vertical Wheel bioreactor (2.2 l)	5.50E + 07	6.60E + 08	12.00	93.72	[27]
		Stirred tank bioreator (200 ml)	6.25E + 06	6.88E + 07	11.00	97.10	[27]
		1 l bioreactor (1 l)	5.00E + 06	1.10E + 08	22.00	21.59	[32]
		1 l bioreactor (1 l)	5.00E + 06	4.50E + 07	9.00	25.88	[32]