Table 3.
Characteristics of included RCTs.
| Study ID | Participants (M/F) | Age (years) | Intervention | Underlying disease | Medicine used for underlying disease | Control | Duration of treatment (I/C) | Time point of assessment | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casault et al. [23] | I: 1/19 C: 2/16 |
I: 56.9 ± 10.8 C: 57.0 ± 9.4 |
CBT-I (self-administered) weekly | Nonmetastatic cancer | None | No treatment | 6 weeks/6 weeks | Week 6 | ISI, HADS-D |
| Daniel et al. [24] | I: 62/13 C: 62/14 |
I: 32.21 ± 7.18 C: 32.67 ± 7.97 |
CBT-I, weekly | None | None | No treatment | 6 weeks/6 weeks | Week 6 | ISI, BDI |
| Shan [25] | I: 26/18 C: 24/20 |
I: 54.22 ± 8.39 C: 54.23 ± 8.42 |
CBT-I, weekly | Ischemic stroke | Aspirin; simvastatin | No treatment | 4 weeks/4 weeks | Week 4 | PSQI,SDS |
| Wang et al. [26] | I: 18/25 C: 18/27 |
I: 57.19 ± 8.51 C: 56.73 ± 8.96 |
CBT-I, weekly | Various types of cancer | Chemotherapy drugs | No treatment | 4 weeks/4 weeks | Week 4 | PSQI,SDS |
| Hou et al. [27] | I: 20/31 C: 22/25 |
I: 54.5 ± 13.8 C: 52.4 ± 14.5 |
CBT-I, weekly | Maintain hemodialysis (MHD) | None | No treatment | 12 weeks/12 weeks | Week 12 | PSQI, SCL-90 |
| Yang et al. [28] | I: 20/30 C: 19/34 |
I: 56.54 ± 9.97 C: 56.73 ± 11.27 |
CBT-I (remote-interactive), more than once a week | Hypertension | Antihypertensive drugs | No treatment | 8 weeks/8 weeks | Week 8 | ISI,PSQI, BDI |
| Sylvia et al. [29] | I: 6/3 C: 5/1 |
I: 47.22 ± 15.21 C: 51.17 ± 10.65 |
CBT-I (individual), weekly | Poststroke fatigue | Medicine (specific drugs not available) | No treatment (waitlist control) | 8 weeks/8 weeks | Week 8 | ISI,PSQI,HADS-D |
| Markus et al. [30] | I: 7/10 C: 5/10 |
I: 57.8 ± 6.6 C: 53.6 ± 10.4 |
CBT-I, weekly | Hearing impairment | Not mentioned | No treatment (waitlist control) | 7 weeks/7 weeks | Week 8 | ISI, HADS-D |
| David et al. [31] | I: 20/82 C: 20/82 |
I: 44.66 ± 11.65 C: 43.75 ± 11.84 |
CBT-I (web-based), weekly | None | None | No treatment (waitlist control) | 6 weeks/6 weeks | Week 7 | ISI,QIDS-CR16 |
| Lancee et al. [32] | I: 6/30 C: 7/20 |
I: 47.47 ± 14.37 C: 49.98 ± 13.71 |
CBT-I (online), weekly | None | None | No treatment (waitlist control) | 12 weeks/12 weeks | Week 12 | ISI, CES-D, adverse event |
| (1) Lancee et al. [33] | I: 4/26 C: 5/25 |
I: 41.2 ± 14.1 C: 45.1 ± 13.7 |
CBT-I (online), weekly | None | None | No treatment (waitlist control) | 12 weeks/12 weeks | Week 12 | ISI, CES-D |
| (2) Lancee et al. [33] | I: 8/22 C: 5/25 |
I: 38.5 ± 13.1 C: 45.1 ± 13.7 |
CBT-I (individual, face to face), weekly | None | None | No treatment (waitlist control) | 12 weeks/12 weeks | Week 12 | ISI, CES-D |
| Lorenz et al. [34] | I: 8/21 C: 9/18 |
I: 41.72 ± 17.31 C: 44.04 ± 20.05 |
CBT-I (web-based), weekly | None | None | No treatment (waitlist control) | 6 weeks/6 weeks | Week 6 | ISI,BDI |
| Talbot et al.[35] | I: 7/22 C :7/9 |
I: 37.1 ± 10.4 C: 37.3 ± 11.0 |
CBT-I (individual), weekly | Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Medicine (specific drugs not available) | No treatment (waitlist control) | 8 weeks/8 weeks | Week 8 | ISI,BDI |
| Han and Liu [36] | I: 14/17 C: 14/18 |
I: 37 ± 14 C: 35 ± 14 |
CBT-I, weekly | None | None | Zopiclone 3.75～11.25 mg QN | 8 weeks/8 weeks | Week 8 | PSQI,SCL-90 |
| Huang et al. [37] | I: 35/93 C: 28/85 |
I: 46.78 ± 13.75 C: 45.49 ± 12.83 |
CBT-I (group), weekly | None | None | Zopiclone 3.75～7.5 mg QN | 8 weeks/8 weeks | Week 8 | ISI,HAMD |
| Zhou et al. [38] | 150/160 | None | CBT-I, weekly | None | None | Estazolam 1 mg QN | 6 weeks/6 weeks | Week 6 | PSQI,SDS |
| Lin et al. [39] | I: 4/16 C: 4/17 |
I: 46.5 ± 12.5 C: 45.5 ± 12.4 |
CBT-I (remote-interactive), weekly | None | None | Benzodiazepine agonist | 8 weeks/8 weeks | Week 8 | ISI,PSQI, HAMD |
Note. M: male; F: female; I: intervention; C: control; QN: once a night; MHD: maintain hemodialysis disorder; PTSD: posttraumatic stress; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; HADS-D: Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; SCL-90: Symptom Checklist 90; CES-D: Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; and QIDS-CR16: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Clinician Rating.