Table 2.

Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of CuONPs synthesis.

Methods	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref
Chemical	It enhance large scale production.	Generation of non-ecofriendly products, it energy intensive processes, use of toxic solvents as reducing and stabilizing agents.	[55, 56, 57]
physical	Control crystallinity, shape and production of CuONPs with uniform, controlled sized and high purity are achievable	require high capital costs and consume high energy	[58, 59]
Biological	This method is cost effectiveness, non-use of toxic materials and simple	using microorganisms is non-attractive due to the requirement of aseptic cultivation and increased production costs at industrial scale	[60, 61, 62]