Table 1.

Univariate analysis of in-hospital mortality in patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive or -negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection.

	All patients (N = 3533)	Survivors (n = 2967)	Non-survivors (n = 566)	P value
Pathogen species
E. coli ESBL-negative	2384 (67.5)	2075 (69.9)	309 (54.6)	<0.001*
E. coli ESBL-positive	229 (6.5)	184 (6.2)	45 (8.0)
K. pneumoniae ESBL-negative	875 (24.8)	681 (23.0)	194 (34.3)
K. pneumoniae ESBL-positive	45 (1.3)	27 (0.9)	18 (3.2)
Age (years)	66.9 ± 14.4	66.6 ± 14.5	68.2 ± 14.2	0.016*
Male	1530 (43.3)	1199 (40.4)	331 (58.5)	<0.001*
IIAT	401 (11.4)	316 (10.7)	85 (15.0)	0.004*
Time to antibiotics (hours)	1.82 ± 1.02	1.84 ± 1.02	1.70 ± 1.03	0.003*
qSOFA score
qSOFA < 2	3061 (86.6)	2685 (90.5)	376 (66.4)	<0.001*
qSOFA ≧ 2	472 (13.4)	282 (9.5)	190 (33.6)
Major comorbidities
Liver cirrhosis	505 (14.3)	356 (12.0)	149 (26.3)	<0.001*
Diabetes mellitus	1332 (37.7)	1172 (39.5)	160 (28.3)	<0.001*
Chronic renal insufficiency	593 (16.8)	423 (14.3)	170 (30.0)	<0.001*
Congestive heart failure	108 (3.1)	85 (2.9)	23 (4.1)	0.142
Cerebrovascular disease	375 (10.6)	329 (11.1)	46 (8.1)	0.037*
Malignancy	823 (23.3)	559 (18.8)	264 (46.6)	<0.001*
Infection site
Respiratory tract	644 (18.2)	421 (14.2)	223 (39.4)	<0.001*
Urinary tract	1762 (49.9)	1630 (54.9)	132 (23.3)	<0.001*
Skin and soft tissue	120 (3.4)	95 (3.2)	25 (4.4)	0.162
Intra-abdominal	881 (24.9)	748 (25.2)	133 (23.5)	0.397
Others or unknown source	613 (17.4)	462 (15.6)	151 (26.7)	<0.001*

ESBL: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; IIAT: inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy; qSOFA: quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment; E. coli: Escherichia coli; K. pneumonia: Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation.

^*P < 0.05.