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. 2020 Jul 16;11:663. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00663

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Copyright © 2020 Guedes, Devoto, Leete, Sass, Acott, Mithani and Gill.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Under physiological conditions, the Brain-Blood Barrier (BBB) creates a restrictive barrier between central nervous system and circulating blood contents. BBB is formed by astrocyte endfeet, pericytes and tight junctions among endothelial cells. (B) After a traumatic brain injury (TBI), BBB may become dysfunctional. TBI may also lead to axonal shearing, activation of microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, often resulting in neuroinflammation, edema, neuronal hyperexcitability, and cell death. Neurons are represented in pink, astrocytes in purple and microglia in yellow. Created with Biorender.com.