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Interaction between programmed changes in renal development [oligonephropathy, tubular function and activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS); red] and postnatal health. Postnatal conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity (red) cause glomerular hyperfiltration that can lead to glomerulosclerosis and a further reduction in nephron number. Aging and infection also affect nephron numbers (blue). TGF, tubuloglomerular feedback.
