Table 3.

Post‐treatment differences in urinary excretion of (epi)catechin and HGVL metabolites 28 days after daily ingestion of the high‐ and low‐dose EPC and OPC treatments and placebo

	High dose EPC	Low dose EPC	OPC	Placebo
(+) Catechin	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
(‒)‐Epicatechin	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
(Epi)catechin‐di‐glucuronide	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methyl (epi)catechin	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methyl (epi)catechin‐sulfate	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
(Epi)catechin‐sulfate	110.5 (44.8–170.8)	53.7 (15.3–95.2)	2.0 (0.8–3.1)	0.3 (0.1–1.0)
(Epi)catechin‐methyl‐sulfate	74.6 (44.9–129.8)	36.9 (24.7–63.0)	1.4 (0.6–2.1)	0.5 (0.1–1.2)
(Epi)catechin glucuronide	45.8 (29.3–77.8)	19.2 (10.2–35.1)	0.1 (0.1–0.4)	0.1 (0.0–0.2)
(Epi)catechin‐sulfate‐glucuronide	13.8 (7.2–23.6)	4.0 (3.0–9.4)	0.1 (0.0–0.2)	0.0 (0.0–0.1)
(Epi)catechin‐di‐sulfate	0.57 (0.2–1.5)	0.7 (0.2–1.5)	0.0	0.0
Median of (epi)catechin metabolites	267.2 (147.8–405.9)	109.3 (61.3–213.3)	3.6 (1.8–5.7)	1.0 (0.3–3.2)
3,4DHVL 3′‐ sulfate	38.4 (20.1–74.8)	25.1 (13.9–62.5)	5.2 (1.7–16.3)	1.3 (0.3–4.4)
3,4DHVL 4′‐glucuronide	16.0. (7.9–32.1)	7.6 (3.1–20.8)	1.2 (0.4–3.6)	0.3 (0.1–1.0)
3,4DHVL 3′‐glucuronide	36.0 (14.9–56.3)	14.4 (6.4–35.1)	2.0 (0.8–3.4)	0.3 (0.1–1.5)
3,4DHVL	0.6 (0.3–1.1)	0.4 (0.2–0.6)	0.1 (0.0–0.2)	0.0 (0.0–0.1)
4H3MVL	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Median of HGVL metabolites	99.9 (53.9–153.3)	59.1 (26.3–146.9)	10.8(3.1–26.9)	2.2 (0.5–6.7)

Data are expressed as median (upper quartile and lower quartile) in µmols 24 h⁻¹ (n = 40 participants for high dose EPC and 42 participants for low dose EPC and OPC treatments and placebo). High and low dose EPC = 140/70 mg monomeric catechins + 130/65 mg PC, respectively; OPC = 6.5 mg monomeric catechins + 130 mg PC. 3,4DHVL = 5‐(3’,4’‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone; ‐4H3MVL = 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone