Figure 4.

Effects of aging on cognitive function. Effects of dantrolene. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial learning and memory in young, middle-aged, and aged mice. Middle-aged and aged mice showed a reduced escape latency time (ELT; A), a time in the target quadrant (C), and the number of entries into the target quadrant (D) compared to young mice. Dantrolene (1 mg/kg, i.p) for 5 days. before and during the training period (TP), and probe trial (PT) periods improved all of the parameters studied (B–D). On the horizontal axis of panels (C,D) are indicated the experimental conditions. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM from n_mice = 10 per age group. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc comparisons, *p ≤ 0.05; NS, not significant.