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. 2020 Jul 17;11:1422. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01422

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of the studies reporting factors associated with CR bacteria in HM patients.

Study Period Place Type Recruitment Global effective CR Effective Hematologic malignancies Associated conditions Significant risk factors for CR
Asia (Jaiswal et al., 2018) Mjhid 10/2013–01/2016 New Delhi, India prospective monocentric consecutive newly diagnosed with HM hospitalized patients (no previous chemotherapy) 225 94/225 patients with CR-bacteria colonization (48/94 at admission) and 17/94 with CR-BSI 19 ALL, 37 AML, 22 lymphoma, and others NA AML, duration of hospitalization for CR-colonization, all CR-BSI occurred in CR-carriers
(Wang et al., 2017) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 01/2014–06/2015 Jiangsu Province, China retrospective multicentric (18 tertiary hospitals) A. baumannii bacteremia in HM patients 3158 patients, 2133 GN isolates, 1358 BSI, 40 A. baumannii-BSI 13/40 A. baumannii-BSI 25 AL, 6 NHL, 4 MM, 2 AA, 2 MDS, 1 CLL 27/40 neutropenic, 16/40 central venous catheter longer hospital stays, previous use of carbapenem, at least three types of antimicrobial therapy received before bacteremia
Middle east (Andria et al., 2015) J Antimicrob Chemother 2008–2014 Haifa, Israel retrospective monocentric GN BSI in HM patients 330 patients; 423 GN BSI 91/330 patients; 103/423 BSI 264/423 AL and MDS, 159/423 others (CL or lymphoma or MM) 364/423 nosocomial BSI, 388/423 central venous catheter, 53/103 carbapenem treatment 30 days before CR BSI known CR carriage, salvage chemotherapy, urinary catheters, nasogastric tube, longer admission period, lower albumin level, hypotension
(Kara et al., 2015) Infect Dis 01/2005–12/2009 Ankara, Turkey retrospective monocentric BSI in HM patients 2098 HM patients, 281 with BSI representing 536 BSI episodes 11,5% of GN isolates 66 AML, 47 ALL, 6 MDS, 69 NHL, 37 MM, 14 HL, 13 CL, 7 AA, others 3703 neutropenic episodes NA
Northern europe (Ballo et al., 2019) PlosOne 2007–2015 Frankfurt, Germany retrospective monocentric AML patients undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy 220 AML patients, 90/220 colonized at admission 12/90 patients colonized with CR-bacteria AML 100% induction chemotherapy (cytarabine, daunorubicin) and levofloxacin 500 mg daily as prophylaxis NA
(Schlenz et al., 2013) JAC 1997–2010 Norwich, United Kingdom prospective monocentric BSI in HM and solid cancer patients HM patients: 473 BSI and 488 isolates; solid cancer patients: 441 BSI and 461 isolates 2, 5% among GN BSI in HM patients and less than 1% in solid cancer patients NA NA NA
Southern europe (Trecarichi et al., 2015) CMI 2009–2012 Rome, Italy prospective multicentric (9 hematology wards at tertiary care centers or at university hospitals) consecutive HM patients bacterial BSI 575 healthcare and community-acquired BSI; 668 bacterial isolates; 344 GN 67 isolates NA 529/575 neutropenic (92%) NA
(Pagano et al., 2014) Emerg Infect Dis 01, 2009–12, 2012 Rome, Italy retrospective monocentric HM patients admitted to hospital with KPC-Kp BSI 147 GN BSI 26/147 GN BSI representing 26/38 Kp-BSI 14 AML, 4 NHL, 3 ALL, 2 HL, 1 AA, 1 MDS, 1 myelo-proliferative disease 13/26 initial or consolidation chemotherapy, 19/26 neutropenic NA
(Girmenia et al., 2015) Bone Marrow Transplantation 01, 2010–07, 2013 Italy retrospective multicentric (52 transplant centers) HM patients undergoing HSCT 6058 auto-HSCT and 4389 allo-HSCT patients CR-Kp colonization in 31 auto-HSCT and 51 allo-HSCT patients. CR-Kp infection in 25 auto-HSCT and in 87 allo-HSCT patients 40 AML, 18 ALL, 26 lymphoma, 8 MM, 20 others 84 neutropenia, 27 GVHD, CR-Kp previous colonization in 8 auto-HCST patients with CR-Kp infection and in 20 allo-HSCT patients
(Trecarichi et al., 2016) AJH 01, 2010–06, 2014 Italy prospective multicentric cohort study (13 hematological wardsof tertiary care centers or university hospitals) hospitalized HM patients with Kp BSI 278 Kp-BSI 161/278 119 AML, 1 CML, 12 ALL, 1 CLL, 18 NHL, 3 MM, 2 MDS 129/161 chemotherapy, 71/161 corticosteroids peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), AML, previous CR-Kp rectal swabs, antibiotic prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones
(Micozzi et al., 2017) BMC ID 02, 2012–05, 2013 Rome, Italy retrospective monocentric CR-Kp BSI in hospitalized HM patients NA 22 patients with CR-Kp colonization and 14 with CR-Kp BSI 16 AL (12 AML) and others 5/22 recent carbapenem, 10/22 neutropenia, 20/22 chemotherapy AML independent risk factor for bacteremia onset in carriers
(Cattaneo et al., 2018) Annals of Hematology 03, 2015–08, 2015 Italy prospective multicentric (18 hematological institutions) consecutive HM patients admitted to hematological wards 144 patients with MDR-bacteria rectal carriage incidence 6,5% 85/144 patients with CR-colonization, 12/85 with CR BSI 29/85 AML; 8/85 ALL; 32/85 lymphoma; 8/85 MM 12/85 salvage chemotherapy for CR-BSI: urinary catheters, relapsed/refractory HM
United States (Satlin et al., 2013a) Leukemia and Lymphoma 07, 2007–12, 2010 New York, United States retrospective monocentric CR-BSI in HM patients NA 18 patients 8 AL, 4 lymphoma or MM 13/18 neutropenia, 13/18 chemotherapy 16/18 prior systemic antibacterial therapy, 6/18 HSCT, 16/18 prior hospitalization NA

AA, aplastic anemia; AL, acute leukemia; ALL, acute lymphoid leukemia; allo-, allogenic; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; auto-, autologous; BSI, blood steam infection; CL, chronic lymphoma, CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CML, Chronic myeloid leukemia; CR, carbapenem-resistant; GN, Gram-negative;, GVHD, graft vs. host disease; HL, Hodgkin’ s lymphoma; HM, hematologic malignancy; HSCT, hematologic stem cell transplantation; Kp, Klebsiella pneumoniae; MDR, multidrug resistant; MDS, myelodysplatic syndrome; MM, myelome multiple; NHL, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.