Table 2.

Recommended tests for CMBD

Assessment	Methods and frequency
Growth	Calculate genetic target height based on parental height Plot height/length and weight on growth charts in infants (monthly) and preschool children (3 monthly) and older children (6 monthly) Calculate annual height velocity Measure head circumference every 3 months in infants and small children
Bone metabolism	Measure serum iPTH, calcium, phosphate, ALP, and bicarbonate levels every 1 to 6 months depending on the clinical status and CKD stage Consider iliac crest bone biopsies, with tetracycline labeling in cases of unclear severe bone disorder
Bone deformities	Check for rickets and scoliosis by physical examination and/or radiographs (eg, X‐ray of the knees and/or the wrist), with regular follow‐up
Growth hormone	Evaluate IGF‐1 serum levels prior to starting treatment with GH to rule out GH deficiency Obtain X‐ray of the left wrist in children aged >5 years to assess bone age and prove growth potential (ie, open epiphyses) prior to initiation of GH treatment
Thyroid function	Check TSH and thyroxine levels annually, more frequently if following treatment Perform ultrasound of the thyroid to exclude other thyroid disease
Gonadal function	For male patients at pubertal age: monitor levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, inhibin B, and prolactin annually after age 14 years For female patients at pubertal age (14 years): determine first menstrual cycle and monitor levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, anti‐mullerian hormone, and prolactin annually
Muscle function	Obtain mechanographic testing, for example, grip strength
Other	WBC cystine levels to assess disease control

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CKD, chronic kidney disease; FSH, follicle‐stimulating hormone; GH, growth hormone; IGF‐1, Insulin‐like growth factor 1; iPTH, intact serum parathyroid hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; TSH, thyroid‐stimulating hormone.