Figure 4.

Acute oestrogen receptor activation decreases left ventricular contractility in intact mice. Hearts from intact mice were perfused for 15 min with agonists for oestrogen receptor‐α (PPT, 100 nM), oestrogen receptor‐β (DPN, 1 nM), or vehicle (ethanol, Control). Both PPT and DPN rapidly decreased left ventricular contractility as demonstrated by the decline in contractile function parameters at 5 min treatment. Left ventricular contractile parameters remained below control values until the end of treatment at 15 min. Note: LVESP, left ventricular end‐systolic pressure; LVDP, left ventricular developed pressure; dP/dt _max, maximum rate of ventricular contraction; dP/dt _min, maximum rate of ventricular relaxation; VCD 60 D, 60 days after VCD injections; VCD 120 D, 120 days after VCD injections. N = 7 in each treatment group. *P < 0.05 vs intact control at same timepoint