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. 2019 Nov 6;23(4):e12909. doi: 10.1111/desc.12909

Table 6.

Performance at Time 1 and Time 2 across groups

Training type Mode Mental rotation percent correct Spatial scaling percent correct Missing term problems percent correct
Time 1 Time 2 Time 1 Time 2 Time 1 Time 2
Mental rotation Explicit 56.904 ± 15.287 65.262 ± 17.916 54.040 ± 8.153 55.240 ± 9.270 59.181 ± 22.152 66.795 ± 22.796
Implicit 54.421 ± 12.616 64.634 ± 17.559 52.966 ± 7.045 51.464 ± 8.630 52.092 ± 21.127 55.411 ± 25.333
Spatial scaling Explicit 58.232 ± 15.590 64.141 ± 18.448 55.015 ± 8.348 59.568 ± 9.424 59.867 ± 19.854 58.687 ± 24.617
Implicit 61.698 ± 14.775 61.539 ± 17.607 55.386 ± 8.921 59.079 ± 9.802 59.774 ± 19.764 55.890 ± 23.029
Control Explicit 60.703 ± 15.474 60.391 ± 17.964 54.268 ± 9.309 53.286 ± 8.832 58.377 ± 24.473 58.201 ± 24.916
Implicit 60.657 ± 16.748 61.619 ± 16.284 51.816 ± 9.702 51.175 ± 9.320 60.784 ± 19.336 57.843 ± 22.554
Training type Mode Number line R 2 LIN Number line PAE Geometry Shape Items accuracy
Time 1 Time 2 Time 1 Time 2 Time 1 Time 2
Mental rotation Explicit 0.939 ± 0.080 0.917 ± 0.102 0.092 ± 0.051 0.111 ± 0.069 61.585 ± 15.797 62.602 ± 20.927
Implicit 0.925 ± 0.080 0.908 ± 0.088 0.108 ± 0.059 0.116 ± 0.066 62.281 ± 15.468 71.272 ± 18.247
Spatial scaling Explicit 0.917 ± 0.098 0.923 ± 0.082 0.115 ± 0.065 0.106 ± 0.059 59.553 ± 15.316 64.431 ± 15.593
Implicit 0.941 ± 0.073 0.936 ± 0.064 0.104 ± 0.065 0.092 ± 0.048 67.906 ± 13.923 73.246 ± 17.238
Control Explicit 0.923 ± 0.075 0.891 ± 0.126 0.112 ± 0.062 0.152 ± 0.095 61.816 ± 15.940 58.761 ± 19.113
Implicit 0.937 ± 0.072 0.896 ± 0.124 0.105 ± 0.056 0.119 ± 0.065 59.460 ± 13.489 61.711 ± 14.361
Training type Mode Geometry Symmetry Items accuracy
Time 1 Time 2
Mental rotation Explicit 52.683 ± 31.861 64.878 ± 28.118
Implicit 48.684 ± 27.428 62.895 ± 30.395
Spatial scaling Explicit 43.156 ± 32.292 62.632 ± 34.772
Implicit 53.889 ± 30.917 63.889 ± 29.498
Control Explicit 43.514 ± 34.818 54.324 ± 35.162
Implicit 63.333 ± 28.983 68.889 ± 26.702

Abbreviations: PAE, percentage absolute error, R 2 LIN, linear response pattern.