Table 2.

Specific recommendations for laparoscopy.

1. Set the intraabdominal pressure as low as possible (10–11 mmHg). 2. Close the taps of the trocars before insertion and during the operation. 3. Pay maximum attention to port sites; (a) a minimum number of incisions, (b) minimum size of incisions, (c) minimum exchange of the instruments. 4. Minimize the use of energy devices, lower the electrocautery power settings as possible; (a) avoid using ultrasonic devices, (b) avoid prolonged desiccation. 5. Consider using vacuum suction devices, a closed-circuit smoke evacuation device with a HEPA filter or a ULPA filter if possible. 6. Make sure that the taps of the trocars are closed all the time unless evacuation is achieved. 7. Make sure that the pneumoperitoneum and smoke is safely evacuated before specimen extraction, trocar removal, closure of the incisions or conversion to laparotomy.

HEPA: High-efficiency particulate air; ULPA: Ultra-low particulate air.