Table 1.

Frequency distribution of patients with gastrointestinal cancer (case group) and control subjects based on some of the demographic variables.

Variable	Variable levels	Case (n = 95)		Control (n = 190)		* P-value
		Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Gender	Female	42	44.21	84	44.21	0.999
	Male	53	55.79	106	55.79
Place of residence	Urban	63	66.32	126	66.32	0.999
	Rural	32	33.68	64	33.68
Marital status	Single	3	3.16	2	1.05	0.337
	Married	92	96.84	188	98.95
Cigarette smoking	Yes	25	26.32	50	26.32	0.999
	No	70	73.68	140	73.68
Hookah use	Yes	1	1.05	3	1.58	0.999
	No	94	98.95	187	98.42
Level of education	Uneducated	35	36.84	55	28.95	<0.001
	High school	39	41.05	37	19.47
	Diploma and higher	21	21.11	98	51.58
Family history ofcancer	Yes	15	15.79	12	6.32	0.010
	No	80	84.21	178	93.68

*Chi-square test was used if the assumptions were accurate; otherwise, Fisher’s exact test was used.