Table 4.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the effect of opium use and cumulative opium consumption on the risk of gastrointestinal cancers.
| Variable | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) |
P-value | *Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) |
P-value | Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test | Area under ROC curve |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opium consumption | 5.298 (2.52–11.12) |
0.001> | 5.954 (2.37–14.99) |
0.0002 | 0.2764 | 0.8619 |
| Cumulative opium consumption | 1.038 (1.02–1.06) |
0.001> | 1.040 (1.02–1.06) |
0.0002 | 0.8810 | 0.8628 |
*Adjusted for education level, family history of cancer, consumption of red meat, fruit and vegetables.