Table 2.
Serum biochemical parameters and blood coagulation test results of 728 patients with COVID-19.
| Covariate | Normal IL-6 (n = 608) | Elevated IL-6 (n = 120) | All patients (n = 728) | P value | Reference range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR)/n (%) | Median (IQR)/n (%) | Median (IQR)/n (%) | ||||
| Liver function parameters | ||||||
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 26.00 (16.00–42.00) | 23.00 (13.00–38.50) | 25.00 (16.00–42.00) | 0.177 | 9–50 | |
| 9–50 | 471 (77.72%) | 89 (74.79%) | 560 (77.24%) | 0.11 | ||
| <9 | 24 (3.96%) | 10 (8.40%) | 34 (4.69%) | |||
| >50 | 111 (18.32%) | 20 (16.81%) | 131 (18.07%) | |||
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 21.00 (16.00–28.00) | 22.00 (16.00–34.00) | 21.00 (16.00–29.00) | 0.062 | 15–40 | |
| 15–40 | 455 (75.08%) | 71 (59.66%) | 526 (72.55%) | <0.001 | ||
| <15 | 97 (16.01%) | 22 (18.49%) | 119 (16.41%) | |||
| >40 | 54 (8.91%) | 26 (21.85%) | 80 (11.03%) | |||
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 9.10 (7.20–11.97) | 9.10 (7.20–11.97) | 9.20 (7.10–12.20) | 0.16 | 5.0–21.0 | |
| 5–21 | 557 (91.91%) | 100 (84.03%) | 657 (90.62%) | <0.001 | ||
| <5 | 34 (5.61%) | 7 (5.88%) | 41 (5.66%) | |||
| >21 | 15 (2.48%) | 12 (10.08%) | 27 (3.72%) | |||
| Direct bilirubin, μmol/L | 3.05 (2.40–4.00) | 4.00 (2.80–5.95) | 3.10 (2.40–4.30) | <0.001 | 0–7 | |
| 0–7 | 584 (96.37%) | 97 (81.51%) | 681 (93.93%) | <0.001 | ||
| >7 | 22 (3.63%) | 22 (18.49%) | 44 (6.07%) | |||
| Indirect bilirubin, μmol/L | 5.70 (4.40–8.00) | 5.05 (4.03–7.07) | 5.60 (4.30–7.80) | 0.049 | 1.5–18 | |
| 1.5–18 | 504 (98.63%) | 99 (97.06%) | 603 (98.37%) | 0.231 | ||
| <1.5 | 2 (0.39%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (0.33%) | |||
| >1.5 | 5 (0.98%) | 3 (2.94%) | 8 (1.31%) | |||
| Total protein, g/L | 66.50 (62.80–69.90) | 62.70 (58.45–66.45) | 65.90 (61.90–69.70) | <0.001 | 65–85 | |
| 65–85 | 375 (61.88%) | 40 (33.61%) | 415 (57.24%) | <0.001 | ||
| <65 | 231 (38.12%) | 79 (66.39%) | 310 (42.76%) | |||
| Albumin, g/L | 38.0 (35.7–40.5) | 34.2 (31.4–37.5) | 37.70 (35.00–40.20) | <0.001 | ||
| 40–55 | 184 (30.36%) | 9 (7.56%) | 193 (26.62%) | <0.001 | ||
| <40 | 422 (69.64%) | 110 (92.44%) | 532 (73.38%) | |||
| Renal function parameters | ||||||
| urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.70 (3.80–5.70) | 5.20 (4.00–6.95) | 4.80 (3.80–5.80) | <0.001 | 2.7–7.6 | |
| 2.7–7.6 | 554 (91.57%) | 85 (71.43%) | 639 (88.26%) | <0.001 | ||
| ≤2.7 | 27 (4.46%) | 10 (8.40%) | 37 (5.11%) | |||
| >7.6 | 24 (3.97%) | 24 (20.17%) | 48 (6.63%) | |||
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 63.3 (53.7–74.7) | 67.1 (54.2–84.6) | 63.65 (53.77–75.60) | <0.001 | 64.0–104.0 | |
| 64–104 | 271 (44.79%) | 46 (38.66%) | 317 (43.78%) | <0.001 | ||
| <64 | 314 (51.90%) | 53 (44.54%) | 367 (50.69%) | |||
| >104 | 20 (3.31%) | 20 (16.81%) | 40 (5.52%) | |||
| Uric Acid,μmol/L | 303.00 (245.00–367.00) | 269.00 (199.00–357.50) | 299.50 (237.75–366.00) | 0.084 | 208–428 | |
| 208–428 | 506 (83.64%) | 85 (71.43%) | 591 (81.63%) | <0.001 | ||
| <208 | 26 (4.30%) | 20 (16.81%) | 46 (6.35%) | |||
| >428 | 73 (12.07%) | 14 (11.76%) | 87 (12.02%) | |||
| Cystatin C,mg/L | 0.91 (0.80–1.01) | 1.07 (0.92–1.36) | 0.92 (0.82–1.06) | <0.001 | 0–1.2 | |
| ≤1.2 | 559 (92.40%) | 79 (66.39%) | 638 (88.12%) | <0.001 | ||
| >1.2 | 46 (7.60%) | 40 (33.61%) | 86 (11.88%) | |||
| Cardiac enzyme parameters | ||||||
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 184.00 (161.00–213.00) | 225.15 (184.00–284.75) | 189.00 (163.00–222.00) | <0.001 | 125–343 | |
| 125–343 | 546 (94.30%) | 97 (85.09%) | 643 (92.78%) | <0.001 | ||
| <125 | 17 (2.94%) | 1 (0.88%) | 18 (2.60%) | |||
| >343 | 16 (2.76%) | 16 (14.04%) | 32 (4.62%) | |||
| creatine kinase, ng/mL | 53.0 (37.0–77.0) | 44.4 (26.2–61.0) | 51.00 (35.00–76.00) | <0.001 | male ≤171 female ≤145 |
|
| Normal | 551 (95.16%) | 106 (92.98%) | 657 (94.81%) | 0.337 | ||
| male >171, female >145 | 28 (4.84%) | 8 (7.02%) | 36 (5.19%) | |||
| Coagulation function parameters | ||||||
| Prothrombin time, s | 11.3 (10.9–11.6) | 11.8 (11.3–12.5) | 11.35 (10.90–11.72) | <0.001 | 9.4–12.5 | |
| 9.4–12.5 | 546 (95.62%) | 90 (76.92%) | 636 (92.44%) | <0.001 | ||
| <9.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| >12.5 | 25 (4.38%) | 27 (23.08%) | 52 (7.56%) | |||
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 27.0 (24.3–30.3) | 29.2 (26.8–33.0) | 27.50 (24.70–30.50) | <0.001 | 25.1–36.5 | |
| 25.1–36.5 | 360 (63.05%) | 86 (73.50%) | 446 (64.83%) | <0.001 | ||
| <25.1 | 188 (32.92%) | 15 (12.82%) | 203 (29.51%) | |||
| >36.5 | 23 (4.03%) | 16 (13.68%) | 39 (5.67%) | |||
| Thrombin time, s | 17.6 (17.0–18.4) | 17.0 (16.1–17.9) | 17.50 (16.90–18.33) | <0.001 | 10.3–16.6 | |
| 10.3–16.6 | 81 (14.19%) | 42 (35.90%) | 123 (17.88%) | <0.001 | ||
| >16.6 | 490 (85.81%) | 75 (64.10%) | 565 (82.12%) | |||
| International Normalized Ratio | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.85–1.15 | |
| 0.85–1.15 | 566 (99.12%) | 109 (93.16%) | 675 (98.11%) | <0.001 | ||
| >1.15 | 5 (0.88%) | 8 (6.84%) | 13 (1.89%) | |||
| 2.90 (2.47–3.66) | 3.73 (3.00–4.63) | 3.00 (2.51–3.82) | <0.001 | 2.38–4.98 | ||
| 2.38–4.98 | 381 (66.73%) | 55 (47.01%) | 436 (63.37%) | <0.001 | ||
| <2.38 | 111 (19.44%) | 13 (11.11%) | 124 (18.02%) | |||
| >4.98 | 79 (13.84%) | 49 (41.88%) | 128 (18.60%) | |||
| D-dimer, g/L | 0.37 (0.21–0.82) | 1.03 (0.56–2.61) | 0.44 (0.23–1.04) | <0.001 | 0–0.50 | |
| 0-0.5 | 348 (60.95%) | 28 (23.93%) | 376 (54.65%) | <0.001 | ||
| >0.5 | 223 (39.05%) | 89 (76.07%) | 312 (45.35%) | |||
| Routine blood tests | ||||||
| Leucocyte count, × 10⁹/L | WBC | 5.66 (4.65–6.71) | 6.46 (4.84–7.80) | 5.7 (4.7–6.9) | <0.001 | 3.5–9.5 |
| 3.5–9.5 | 550 (90.61%) | 92 (76.67%) | 642 (88.31%) | <0.001 | ||
| <3.5 | 40 (6.59%) | 10 (8.33%) | 50 (6.88%) | |||
| >9.5 | 17 (2.80%) | 18 (15.00%) | 35 (4.81%) | |||
| Neutrophil count, × 10⁹/L | 3.18 (2.48–4.05) | 4.23 (3.14–5.86) | 3.29 (0.06–33.01) | <0.001 | 1.8–6.3 | |
| 1.8–6.3 | 533 (87.81%) | 87 (72.50%) | 620 (85.28%) | <0.001 | ||
| <1.8 | 48 (7.91%) | 7 (5.83%) | 55 (7.57%) | |||
| >6.3 | 26 (4.28%) | 26 (21.67%) | 52 (7.15%) | |||
| Lymphocyte count, × 10⁹/L | 1.64 (1.33–1.98) | 1.14 (0.81–1.52) | 1.58 (0.17–3.56) | <0.001 | 1.1–3.2 | |
| 1.1–3.2 | 375 (61.78%) | 44 (36.67%) | 419 (57.63%) | <0.001 | ||
| <1.1 | 39 (6.43%) | 25 (20.83%) | 64 (8.80%) | |||
| >3.2 | 193 (31.80%) | 51 (42.50%) | 244 (33.56%) | |||
| Erythrocyte count, × 1012/L | 4.13 (3.82–4.46) | 3.66 (3.18–4.19) | 4.08 (1.78–6.19) | <0.001 | 4.3–5.8 | |
| 4.3–5.8 | 207 (34.10%) | 21 (17.50%) | 228(31.36%) | <0.001 | ||
| <4.3 | 397 (65.40%) | 96 (80.00%) | 493 (67.81%) | |||
| >5.8 | 3 (0.49%) | 3 (2.50%) | 6 (0.83%) | |||
| Monocyte count, × 10⁹/L | 0.50 (0.40–0.62) | 0.56 (0.41–0.73) | 0.50 (0.03–2.20) | 0.032 | 0.1–0.6 | |
| 0.1–0.6 | 115 (18.95%) | 34 (28.33%) | 149 (20.50%) | 0.005 | ||
| <0.1 | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.83%) | 1 (0.14%) | |||
| >0.6 | 492 (81.05%) | 85 (70.83%) | 577 (79.37%) | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 126.00 (116.00–137.00) | 111.50 (98.75–122.25) | 124.00 (50.00–178.00) | <0.001 | 130.0–175.0 | |
| 130.0–175.0 | 231 (38.06%) | 21 (17.50%) | 252 (34.66%) | <0.001 | ||
| <130.0 | 376 (61.94%) | 97 (80.83%) | 473 (65.06%) | |||
| >175.0 | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (1.67%) | 2 (0.28%) | |||
| Platelet count, × 10⁹/L | 231.00 (192.00–277.00) | 205.00 (151.00–270.75) | 229.00 (187.00–277.00) | 0.002 | 125.0–350.0 | |
| 125.0–350.0 | 541 (89.13%) | 90 (75.00%) | 631 (86.80%) | <0.001 | ||
| <125.0 | 18 (2.97%) | 16 (13.33%) | 36 (4.95%) | |||
| >350.0 | 48 (7.91%) | 14 (11.67%) | 60 (8.25%) | |||
| Other serum tests | ||||||
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.04 (0.02–0.05) | 0.07 (0.05–0.13) | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | <0.001 | <0.05 | |
| <0.05 | 401 (71.4%) | 27 (23.7%) | 428 (63.31%) | <0.001 | ||
| >=0.05 | 161 (28.6%) | 87 (76.3%) | 248 (36.69%) | |||
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM | 0.905 | |||||
| No | 190 (65.97%) | 45 (65.22%) | 235 (65.83%) | |||
| Yes | 98 (34.03%) | 24 (34.78%) | 122 (34.17%) | |||
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG | ||||||
| No | 16 (5.97%) | 10 (15.38%) | 26 (7.81%) | 0.011 | ||
| Yes | 252 (94.03%) | 55 (84.62%) | 307 (92.19%) | |||