Table 2.
Study 1: Case–control study: means and standard deviations for clinical care consumption and CGAS in patients with SH as well as in patients with SH+SU and controls, respectively
| SH versus controls | SH+SU versus controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | β (95% CI) | Mean (SD) | β (95% CI) | |||||
| SH (n = 1,027) | Controls (n = 21,119) | Crude | Adjusteda | SH+SU (n = 1,099) | Controls (n = 21,119) | Crude | Adjusteda | |
| Clinical care consumption | ||||||||
| Number of visits | 17.8 (24.7) | 11.9 (16.2) | 5.9*** (4.8–6.9) | 7.3*** (5.3–9.6) | 39.3 (52.5) | 11.9 (16.2) | 27.4*** (26.2–28.6) | 30.7*** (28.3–33.1) |
| Admissions | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.0* (0.0–0.0)b | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 1.0 (2.7) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.9*** (0.9–1.0) | 1.0*** (0.9–1.1) |
| Number of nights | 0.1 (1.8) | 0.1 (3.2) | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.2) | −0.4 (−1.2 to 0.4) | 6.5 (42.3) | 0.1 (3.2) | 6.2*** (5.7–6.8) | 7.8* (6.8–9.8) |
| CGAS | ||||||||
| At intake | 53.3 (8.7) | 55.6 (9.1) | −2.3*** (−2.8 to 1.7) | −1.9** (−3.1 to 0.8) | 49.7 (8.9) | 55.6 (9.1) | −5.9*** (−6.9 to 5.3) | −6.1*** (−7.0 to 5.1) |
| After treatment | 61.9 (12.9) | 62.6 (11.4) | −0.7 (−1.5 to 0.2) | −0.3 (−1.9 to 1.2) | 54.1 (12.6) | 62.6 (11.4) | −8.4*** (−9.2 to 7.7) | −9.5*** (−10.8 to 8.3) |
Associations are expressed as regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
CGAS, Children's Global Assessment Scale; SH, Self‐harm; SU, Suicidality.
aAdjusted for socioeconomic status, age at first CAMHS contact, and sex (where possible).
bβ, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.03.
*p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001.