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. 2018 Dec 12;111(2):495–513. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14170

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© 2018 The Authors. Molecular Microbiology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A proposed model of the lysis‐lysogeny switch of Pf4 in PAO1. The stable integration of Pf4 in the host genome is maintained by the host proteins MvaT/MvaU. MvaT and MvaU repress the expression of xisF4 by binding to the promoter of xisF4. When mvaT and/or mvaU are repressed or inactivated, expression of xisF4 will be de‐repressed and induce Pf4 excision. Meanwhile, XisF4 can activate the expression of PA0727 (replication initiator) and produce a large number of circular forms of Pf4. Finally, Pf4 will be assembled and secreted to the outside of the cell.