Table 3.
Characteristics and outcomes of case reports and clinical studies
| Study (year) |
Study size (apex condition) |
Results | AMT | Extraoral time (minutes) | Follow up time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lee et al. [11] 2001 |
22 undefined teeth | No sign of root resorption | SLA |
3 to 17.5 Average: 7.7 |
18 |
|
Kim et al. [35] 2005 |
168 M 12 premolars & 2 others |
81.9% completely healed. 9 were extracted |
NR | Immediate to 25 | 2 to 60 |
|
Harzer et al. [36] 2009 |
1 premolar (o.a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | NR | 20 |
|
Honda et al. [37] 2010 |
1 lower third molar |
Endodontic treatment. No signs of pathology |
SLA | NR | 48 |
|
Keightley et al. [38] 2010 |
1 premolar (o.a.) |
Continued root formation No signs of pathology |
SLA | < 1 | 6 |
|
Pang et al. [39] 2011 |
1 premolar (o.a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | < 1 | 24 |
|
Lee & Kim [40] 2012 |
182 third molars (o.a and c.a.) |
1.6% root resorption Other complications: NR |
NR |
Immediate to 25 Average: 7 |
NR |
|
Park et al. [41] 2013 |
1 premolar (o. a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | 3 | 36 |
|
Jang et al. [42] 2013 |
5 M (o. a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | Immediate to 2 | 24–90 |
|
Shabazian et al. [43] 2013 |
24 premolars |
4 root resorption 4 ankylosis |
SLA | < 1 | 12 |
|
Lee et al. [44] 2014 |
1 mesiodens (c. a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | NR | 36 |
|
Park et al. [45] 2014 |
2 M (c. a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
Polyjet | NR | 10 |
|
Vandekar et al. [46] 2015 |
1 incisor (c.a.) |
Endodontic treatment. No signs of pathology |
NR | NR | 12 |
|
Van der Meer et al. [47] 2016 |
1 premolar (o. a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | Immediate | 16 |
|
Verweij et al. [48] 2016 |
5 premolars (o. a.) |
98% Successful No signs of pathology |
SLM | less than 1 min | NR |
|
Cousley et al. [49] 2017 |
1 premolar (o. a.) |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | less than 1 min | 10 |
|
Kim et al. [50] 2019 |
2 third molars |
Successful No signs of pathology |
NR | 3 and 5 | 2–60 |
|
Xia et al. [51] 2020 |
28 third molars |
Successful No signs of pathology |
SLA |
1 to 5 Average: 2.5 |
24 |
|
Verweij et al. [34] 2020 |
73 premolars 24 M - 3 others |
In 2016 98% Successful No signs of pathology |
DMLS | 82% less than 1 min | NR |
o. a. open apex, c. a. closed apex, NR Non-Registered, SLA Stereolithography Apparatus, Polyjet Material Jetting, SLM Selective Laser Melting, DMLS Direct Metal Laser Sintering