Table 1.
Personal characteristics of the intervention and control groups.
| Characteristics |
Total N = 413 (%) |
Intervention group n = 214 (%) |
Control group n = 199 (%) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of mothers | ||||
| ≤19 years | 94 (22.8) | 43 (20.1) | 51 (25.6) | P = 0.045 |
| 20–34 years | 285 (69.0) | 147 (68.7) | 138 (69.3) | |
| ≥35 years | 34 (8.2) | 24 (11.2) | 10 (5.0) | |
| Caste/ethnicity | ||||
| Dalit | 68 (16.5) | 35 (16.4) | 33 (16.6) | P = 0.587 |
| Aadibasi/Janajati* | 91 (22.0) | 43 (20.1) | 48 (24.1) | |
| Upper caste group** | 254 (61.5) | 136 (63.5) | 118 (59.3) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | 379 (91.8) | 198 (92.5) | 181 (91.0) | P = 0.708 |
| Muslim | 25 (6.1) | 11 (5.1) | 14 (7.0) | |
| Buddhist/Christian | 9 (2.2) | 5 (2.4) | 4 (2.0) | |
| Mother's education | ||||
| No education | 104 (25.2) | 50 (23.4) | 54 (27.1) | P = 0.164 |
| Primary | 148 (35.8) | 83 (38.8) | 65 (32.7) | |
| Secondary | 78 (18.9) | 45 (21.0) | 33 (16.6) | |
| Higher | 83 (20.1) | 36 (16.8) | 47 (23.6) | |
| Mother's occupation | ||||
| No work/household works | 112 (27.1) | 60 (28.0) | 52 (26.1) | P = 0.102 |
| Agriculture/farming | 130 (31.5) | 70 (32.7) | 60 (30.2) | |
| Service/salaried | 33 (8.0) | 15 (7.0) | 18 (9.0) | |
| Sales/business | 59 (14.3) | 22 (10.3) | 37 (18.6) | |
| Manual/waged labor | 79 (19.1) | 47 (22.0) | 32 (16.1) | |
| Wealth index | ||||
| 1st quintile | 121 (29.3) | 70 (32.7) | 51 (25.6) | P = 0.57 |
| 2nd quintile | 99 (24.0) | 48 (22.4) | 51 (25.6) | |
| 3rd quintile | 79 (19.1) | 37 (17.3) | 42 (21.1) | |
| 4th quintile | 59 (14.3) | 27 (12.6) | 32 (16.1) | |
| 5th quintile | 55 (13.3) | 32 (15.0) | 23 (11.6) | |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 161 (39.0) | 70 (32.7) | 91 (45.7) | P = 0.007 |
| Multiparous | 252 (61.0) | 144 (67.3) | 108 (54.3) | |
*
Relatively disadvantaged;
**
relatively advantaged.