Table 1.

Host‐prophage and prophage‐prophage interactions in S. enterica.

1. Interactions bacteria – prophage and prophage – bacteria
1.1 Host factors
Phase variation: Dam in conjunction with other regulator, such as OxyR H‐NS (silencing of exogenic DNA as heterodimers with proteins from Hha family) InvF (transcriptional regulator from AraC/ XylS family; sopE) SsrAB (two‐component system; gogB, sseI, stm2239)
1.2 Prophage factors
ΦW104 (ryeA, ryeB) Gifsy1 (AntQ forms complex with bacterial RNA polymerase)
2. Interactions prophage – (pro)phage
2.1 Cross‐regulation
Repressor – Antirepressor (Fels‐2 and Gifsy prophages)
2.2 Super‐infection exclusion
SieA and SieB (P22) Repressor C2 in cytoplasm (phage carrier state of P22)
3. Surface features encoded by prophages and phage remnants
3.1 Glucosylation
GtrABCa (phage remnant) GtrABCP22 (P22)
3.2 O‐acetylation
OafA (phage remnant) Protein similar to acyltransferase 3 (SPC‐P1 prophage) GtrABCBTP1 (BTP1; GtrC containing an acyltransferase domain)
3.3 Glycosidic bonds
phage beta polymerase changes to β‐1,6 glycosidic linkage (ε15; new phage host range: ε34)
3.4 Adhesion
tail‐like protein STM2699 (Fels‐2)